First, the types of pesticides factors
Different types of pesticides on different vegetables injury to different degrees. Organochlorine insecticides such as melons and vegetables easy to produce injury, water pressure sprayer fenthion on cruciferous vegetables seedlings produce injury.
Second, the pharmaceutical dosage forms and the use of concentration
Different formulations of pesticide phytotoxicity possibility of different sizes, usually oil> Emulsions> WP> Powder> Milk> granules. Pesticides appear oil, cream and other stratification, precipitation occurs, wettable powder caking, low suspension, powder flocculation, etc. will increase the likelihood of injury produced. Use the higher the concentration, the more prone to injury. Generally soluble in water, small molecular weight pesticides easy to produce injury. Bordeaux mixture on a variety of vegetables such as security, and copper sulfate soluble in water, on a variety of vegetables unsafe.
Three, misuse of pesticides
Because improper storage, causing pesticides mark off, or labels is unclear, or remember name of the drug, or the wrong medicine, or as long as what is grass herbicides can be used, such as herbicides, fungicides or pesticides will the use, or the monocot crop herbicide used dicotyledonous crop fields, and this will have a serious injury, or even never produced.
Fourth, the wrong mix of pesticides
Mix between two or more pesticide misuse, garden water sprayer but also easy to produce injury. Such as Bordeaux mixture and lime sulfur can not mix the two should be used in conjunction with a certain time interval.
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2013年11月5日星期二
The use of different pesticides
SC (SC)
It is the original drug is dispersed or suspended solids contain a variety of additives in aqueous medium or oil medium, high concentration of viscous flowable formulations. Commonly used in expensive and efficient pesticides, use of conventional spray, but also for low-volume spraying and soaking, etc., which both WP and EC two formulations advantages, but at present the ideal suspension narrow range, in recommended the use of tobacco, 36% thiophanate-methyl colloidal suspension agent.
Agent (AS)
The water-soluble in water directly into the original drug formulations. The formulation process is simple, easy to use, efficacy, and ease of packaging, transport and storage, garden hand sprayers can reduce the pollution of organic solvents, but agent intolerance storage, easy hydrolysis lapse poor wetting, adhesion is weak, Vinca is very long, and There are limitations, not all pesticides can be processed into liquid.
Seed (SD)
Seed are those containing a binder and a certain pesticide or fertilizer plant growth regulating agents encapsulated in plant seeds on the outside and the formation of a solid dosage form of the drug layer. It is often treated seeds can be stored for a short time, usually tobacco seeds are treated with a seed coating. Most of the commonly used Seed preparations contain a variety of active ingredients, with pest control, to provide nutrition and promote plant growth and development role.
Fumigants (VP)
In the appropriate temperature, the use of toxic gases, liquids or vapors generated by the evaporation of a solid in a closed environment, kill pests or pathogens, called fumigation. Called fumigants used for fumigation agents. Fumigants are easily vaporized liquid or solid, some compressed gases. While some soil treatment or portable power sprayer spray process with fumigation, but can not be called fumigants, such as acephate fumigation has some activity, but the main mode of action is to stomach poisoning and toxicity, and therefore can not become a fumigant , there is a real sense of aluminum phosphide fumigant, methyl bromide, etc.
It is the original drug is dispersed or suspended solids contain a variety of additives in aqueous medium or oil medium, high concentration of viscous flowable formulations. Commonly used in expensive and efficient pesticides, use of conventional spray, but also for low-volume spraying and soaking, etc., which both WP and EC two formulations advantages, but at present the ideal suspension narrow range, in recommended the use of tobacco, 36% thiophanate-methyl colloidal suspension agent.
Agent (AS)
The water-soluble in water directly into the original drug formulations. The formulation process is simple, easy to use, efficacy, and ease of packaging, transport and storage, garden hand sprayers can reduce the pollution of organic solvents, but agent intolerance storage, easy hydrolysis lapse poor wetting, adhesion is weak, Vinca is very long, and There are limitations, not all pesticides can be processed into liquid.
Seed (SD)
Seed are those containing a binder and a certain pesticide or fertilizer plant growth regulating agents encapsulated in plant seeds on the outside and the formation of a solid dosage form of the drug layer. It is often treated seeds can be stored for a short time, usually tobacco seeds are treated with a seed coating. Most of the commonly used Seed preparations contain a variety of active ingredients, with pest control, to provide nutrition and promote plant growth and development role.
Fumigants (VP)
In the appropriate temperature, the use of toxic gases, liquids or vapors generated by the evaporation of a solid in a closed environment, kill pests or pathogens, called fumigation. Called fumigants used for fumigation agents. Fumigants are easily vaporized liquid or solid, some compressed gases. While some soil treatment or portable power sprayer spray process with fumigation, but can not be called fumigants, such as acephate fumigation has some activity, but the main mode of action is to stomach poisoning and toxicity, and therefore can not become a fumigant , there is a real sense of aluminum phosphide fumigant, methyl bromide, etc.
2013年11月4日星期一
Ectropis occurrence trend prediction and prevention advice
First, the forecast based on
1, the insect population rises rapidly , the occurrence of large, heavy damage . March 20 -28 survey fifteen tea , tea inchworm up to 3 per square meter , a minimum of 0 , average 0.24 ; pressure sprayers April 7-9, 2009 survey Ectropis up to 26 , a minimum of one average 4.6 . Insect population density, rising fast, heavy damage .
In late February and March to early April rain , field humidity, frequently alternating cold and warm . Also, according to weather forecasts four months late, there are 2-3 times rainfall, the temperature rose rapidly , is conducive Ectropis occurrence and hazards.
Second, prevention and treatment advice
1 , control indicators: per square meter Ectropis larvae 4-5 head , instantly drug prevention and treatment .
2, control Time: April 18 -4 at the end of 400 meters above sea level areas were late for 3-5 days. Serious tea interval of 5-6 days in a row with a good two drugs.
3, the control strategies :
( 1 ) Biological control : To ensure safety of the county green , resolutely implement green plant protection , public plant concept, in acres of tea plantations on medication should be used avermectin 80 ml of 2% or 0.5% bitter raw base 100 ml , to achieve both eradication of pests , and protection from predators a virtuous circle.
( 2 ) Chemical control : mu selection of efficient and low toxicity of 2.5% trifluoroacetic cyanuric chloride ( kung fu ) 120 ml or 100 ml of 2.5% bifenthrin .
Choose one of these agents , watered 45 kilograms per mu motorized plastic sprayer , hand sprayer watered 60 kilograms per mu , at 16:00 after a uniform spray. And after treatment interval 7-10 genius for picking.
1, the insect population rises rapidly , the occurrence of large, heavy damage . March 20 -28 survey fifteen tea , tea inchworm up to 3 per square meter , a minimum of 0 , average 0.24 ; pressure sprayers April 7-9, 2009 survey Ectropis up to 26 , a minimum of one average 4.6 . Insect population density, rising fast, heavy damage .
In late February and March to early April rain , field humidity, frequently alternating cold and warm . Also, according to weather forecasts four months late, there are 2-3 times rainfall, the temperature rose rapidly , is conducive Ectropis occurrence and hazards.
Second, prevention and treatment advice
1 , control indicators: per square meter Ectropis larvae 4-5 head , instantly drug prevention and treatment .
2, control Time: April 18 -4 at the end of 400 meters above sea level areas were late for 3-5 days. Serious tea interval of 5-6 days in a row with a good two drugs.
3, the control strategies :
( 1 ) Biological control : To ensure safety of the county green , resolutely implement green plant protection , public plant concept, in acres of tea plantations on medication should be used avermectin 80 ml of 2% or 0.5% bitter raw base 100 ml , to achieve both eradication of pests , and protection from predators a virtuous circle.
( 2 ) Chemical control : mu selection of efficient and low toxicity of 2.5% trifluoroacetic cyanuric chloride ( kung fu ) 120 ml or 100 ml of 2.5% bifenthrin .
Choose one of these agents , watered 45 kilograms per mu motorized plastic sprayer , hand sprayer watered 60 kilograms per mu , at 16:00 after a uniform spray. And after treatment interval 7-10 genius for picking.
Flower reasonable choice and use of herbicides
1 according to the size of Ages medication a biennial woody flowers , whether planting seedlings or cuttings , seedlings are present its tender branches shallow roots , root underdevelopment, poor tolerability , hence should be used when spraying low doses . Commonly used herbicide oxyfluorfen , prometryn and so on. Generally applied before the flower bud marinated pharmaceutical toxic soil , can prevent slips, dicotyledonous weeds, valid for one month , does not affect seedling growth .
(2) According to the degree of precious flowers medication is generally expensive flowers on the environmental conditions and management requirements are relatively high , from a safety point of view , the choice of foliar treatment , such as using the " feeder " and other herbicides formulated as 0.3 to 0.4% concentration liquid, with smearing weed control , avoid using aerosol low pressure sprayer spray drift leading pharmacy has caused injury to seedlings . There is also available indigenous pesticide poisoning .
3 According to the growth characteristics of medication smiling flowers , camellia , magnolia and other flowers as leathery leaves , waxy layer on the leaves , and some conifers with fragrant flowers and leaves of butter, these flowers and strong resistance , it can be directly using the " feeder " and other systemic herbicide to do foliar treatment . Some flowers and leaf quality thin , wax less , such as Tau , France holly, Indus , etc. , and some flower leaves are fluff, such as hibiscus, Mama rust ball etc. These flowers are not appropriate to " feeder " direct spray , garden hand sprayers optional efficient " Gallant " on the stems and leaves do targeted treatment , both to control grassy weeds , but also to ensure the safety of seedlings .
4 Classification according to medication woody flower flowers resistant to herbicides generally stronger than the herb flowers . Flowers on the grass suitably selective herbicides , such as " Gallant ", " grass g ," " Take fishing net ", in doing shoots with flowers growing season . On coniferous woody species such as cypress , larch, cedar , etc., can also use the " feeder " doing foliar treatment . For some broadleaf woody species such as ash , acacia, Bauhinia, hibiscus and other species more sensitive to insecticides , can do oxyfluorfen soil treatment, wash with water after application required seedlings, nursery stock to ensure safety .
(2) According to the degree of precious flowers medication is generally expensive flowers on the environmental conditions and management requirements are relatively high , from a safety point of view , the choice of foliar treatment , such as using the " feeder " and other herbicides formulated as 0.3 to 0.4% concentration liquid, with smearing weed control , avoid using aerosol low pressure sprayer spray drift leading pharmacy has caused injury to seedlings . There is also available indigenous pesticide poisoning .
3 According to the growth characteristics of medication smiling flowers , camellia , magnolia and other flowers as leathery leaves , waxy layer on the leaves , and some conifers with fragrant flowers and leaves of butter, these flowers and strong resistance , it can be directly using the " feeder " and other systemic herbicide to do foliar treatment . Some flowers and leaf quality thin , wax less , such as Tau , France holly, Indus , etc. , and some flower leaves are fluff, such as hibiscus, Mama rust ball etc. These flowers are not appropriate to " feeder " direct spray , garden hand sprayers optional efficient " Gallant " on the stems and leaves do targeted treatment , both to control grassy weeds , but also to ensure the safety of seedlings .
4 Classification according to medication woody flower flowers resistant to herbicides generally stronger than the herb flowers . Flowers on the grass suitably selective herbicides , such as " Gallant ", " grass g ," " Take fishing net ", in doing shoots with flowers growing season . On coniferous woody species such as cypress , larch, cedar , etc., can also use the " feeder " doing foliar treatment . For some broadleaf woody species such as ash , acacia, Bauhinia, hibiscus and other species more sensitive to insecticides , can do oxyfluorfen soil treatment, wash with water after application required seedlings, nursery stock to ensure safety .
2013年11月3日星期日
Tobacco pesticide MRLs
MRLs is to regulate the amount of pesticide residues in tobacco defined targets. Even in strict accordance with good agricultural practices (good agricultural practice, gap) for tobacco production ,pressure sprayers pesticide active ingredients and their degradation products are still somewhat in tobacco residues, it is necessary to set maximum residue limits .
Some farmers do not follow the recommended dose of pesticides and pesticide use , even the use of banned pesticides on tobacco use , it may cause more serious problem of pesticide residues in tobacco . Currently , tobacco and tobacco products in the countries to control pesticide mrl indicators are an important part of the quality of tobacco products has become one of the international market to buy tobacco evaluation and an important factor in the United States, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Spain , Croatia , Estonia , Malaysia and the Middle East and other 11 countries or regions of tobacco and tobacco products, as specified in the mrl. garden pressure sprayer Our Tobacco relevant administrative departments have organized research units to develop tobacco "Tobacco and tobacco products in the maximum pesticide residue limits ", and promulgated in due time .
Some farmers do not follow the recommended dose of pesticides and pesticide use , even the use of banned pesticides on tobacco use , it may cause more serious problem of pesticide residues in tobacco . Currently , tobacco and tobacco products in the countries to control pesticide mrl indicators are an important part of the quality of tobacco products has become one of the international market to buy tobacco evaluation and an important factor in the United States, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Spain , Croatia , Estonia , Malaysia and the Middle East and other 11 countries or regions of tobacco and tobacco products, as specified in the mrl. garden pressure sprayer Our Tobacco relevant administrative departments have organized research units to develop tobacco "Tobacco and tobacco products in the maximum pesticide residue limits ", and promulgated in due time .
Common botanical pesticides in organic vegetable production application
In conventional agriculture , plant pest and disease control rely mainly on large-scale use of chemical pesticides , which is caused by harmful residues major cause of pollution . With the development of international agricultural trade and national awareness of food safety standards, pollution-free food production is rising rapidly . Production of pollution-free food , the first problem to be solved is the chemical pesticide residues pollution problems, namely the prohibitions and restrictions on the use of chemical pesticides . Use of existing resources, preparation plant insecticide fungicide pesticide to combat the production of pollution-free vegetables, vegetable pests , no residue , no pollution, no adverse effects. Many different types of plant pesticides , are cheap and easy to get a brief introduction of several botanical pesticides.
( A ) chili peppers are widely grown in our country , ripe fruit has insecticidal effect, but outside of the seed coat and the highest content of seeds pesticidal substance .
Mode of action : stomach poison ,portable power sprayer insecticide , poor feeding, fumigant.
Control target: various vegetables aphids, whiteflies and other caterpillar .
Usage: chili powder into powder , add water and stir 50 times , overnight , filtered with a cloth sprayed on crops . Or chili grind into a fine powder , add water, add soap flakes or liquid soap , stir , sprinkle on crops .
( Two ) Garlic Garlic widely planted in the fields , gardens and courtyards , the various parts of the plant contain the active ingredient allicin sterilization .
Mode of action : to kill bacteria, fungi and nematodes .
Control target: vegetable root-knot nematode , Botrytis , bean rust, angular leaf spot of cucumber , melons and potatoes anthrax storage diseases .
How to use: 1kg peeled and smashed garlic , add water 2kg, soak 0.5 hours and then filtered to the residue Serve. With a 20-fold when diluted with water spray can.
When there is a peeled garlic processing step , peeled , first cut pedicle garlic , soaked in water for 24 hours immersion cylinder , then remove and peel . Garlic bulb contains a lot of water allicin, can use this water clarification to the complex, liquid sprayer sprayed directly control a variety of diseases , and would be the utilization of waste .
( A ) chili peppers are widely grown in our country , ripe fruit has insecticidal effect, but outside of the seed coat and the highest content of seeds pesticidal substance .
Mode of action : stomach poison ,portable power sprayer insecticide , poor feeding, fumigant.
Control target: various vegetables aphids, whiteflies and other caterpillar .
Usage: chili powder into powder , add water and stir 50 times , overnight , filtered with a cloth sprayed on crops . Or chili grind into a fine powder , add water, add soap flakes or liquid soap , stir , sprinkle on crops .
( Two ) Garlic Garlic widely planted in the fields , gardens and courtyards , the various parts of the plant contain the active ingredient allicin sterilization .
Mode of action : to kill bacteria, fungi and nematodes .
Control target: vegetable root-knot nematode , Botrytis , bean rust, angular leaf spot of cucumber , melons and potatoes anthrax storage diseases .
How to use: 1kg peeled and smashed garlic , add water 2kg, soak 0.5 hours and then filtered to the residue Serve. With a 20-fold when diluted with water spray can.
When there is a peeled garlic processing step , peeled , first cut pedicle garlic , soaked in water for 24 hours immersion cylinder , then remove and peel . Garlic bulb contains a lot of water allicin, can use this water clarification to the complex, liquid sprayer sprayed directly control a variety of diseases , and would be the utilization of waste .
2013年11月1日星期五
Pollution safe use of pesticides in tea production technology
Pollution-free tea garden pest control , to use modern concept of sustainable development of agriculture , starting from the tea garden ecosystem , integrated application of various control measures , promotion of sound public control techniques . You must use agricultural control, prevention and treatment programs to be well in advance , the preferred type of biological pesticides and environmental compatibility of pesticides, the rational use of pollution-free tea production procedures recommended by the chemical pesticides, and earnestly control records.
Sound control measures: pollution-free tea harmless pest control measures have public agricultural control , physical control , biological control . Sound public control measures will not cause environmental pollution, will not bring the problem of pesticide residues , therefore, should be given priority .
The use of biological pesticides or pesticide environmental compatibility type : commercialization of biological agents : eg Bacillus thuringiensis BT preparations, Ectropis virus preparations, tea caterpillar virus preparations, whitefly fungi . Botanical pesticides such as Toosendanin , matrine , nicotine , rotenone , pyrethrin and so on. Half the amount of lime mineral type pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture . They are the first choice for future tea pest control agents .
Rational use of chemical pesticides : For the control object , select the appropriate pesticides and formulations. Strict accordance with the provisions of the dose, frequency , method of administration , application suitable period , safety interval , and precautions applying pesticides should be a multi- drug treatment or a reasonable mix of pesticides , prohibited the use of prohibited pesticides.
Prevention and control targets, home garden sprayer spraying suitable period : pollution-free tea production technology point of the main indicators of pest control , control period described. Chemical control , should give serious consideration .
Pesticide varieties : There can be restricted to the use of efficient , low toxicity , low-residue pesticides . Prohibit the use of limited DDT, BHC , parathion ( 1605 ) , methyl parathion ( methyl 1605 ) , methamidophos , acephate , omethoate , sodium pentachlorophenol , chlordimeform , g Budweiser, dicofol , isocarbophos , cyhalothrin , to Fu Ling and mixing agents highly toxic , high residue pesticides.
Application methods : conventional agricultural sprayers, choose low-capacity spray. Punta tea bushes sprayed surface sweep ; tea leaves to take the lower lateral low-volume knapsack sprayer spraying pests . The amount of pesticide safety interval : in strict accordance with GB4285, GB. T8321 into ( Appendix C of pollution-free tea can be used pesticides and their safety standards ) is required to control the amount of pesticide safety interval .
Non- fossil sources of pesticide use production season : such as: lime half the amount of Bordeaux mixture and so on.
Sound control measures: pollution-free tea harmless pest control measures have public agricultural control , physical control , biological control . Sound public control measures will not cause environmental pollution, will not bring the problem of pesticide residues , therefore, should be given priority .
The use of biological pesticides or pesticide environmental compatibility type : commercialization of biological agents : eg Bacillus thuringiensis BT preparations, Ectropis virus preparations, tea caterpillar virus preparations, whitefly fungi . Botanical pesticides such as Toosendanin , matrine , nicotine , rotenone , pyrethrin and so on. Half the amount of lime mineral type pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture . They are the first choice for future tea pest control agents .
Rational use of chemical pesticides : For the control object , select the appropriate pesticides and formulations. Strict accordance with the provisions of the dose, frequency , method of administration , application suitable period , safety interval , and precautions applying pesticides should be a multi- drug treatment or a reasonable mix of pesticides , prohibited the use of prohibited pesticides.
Prevention and control targets, home garden sprayer spraying suitable period : pollution-free tea production technology point of the main indicators of pest control , control period described. Chemical control , should give serious consideration .
Pesticide varieties : There can be restricted to the use of efficient , low toxicity , low-residue pesticides . Prohibit the use of limited DDT, BHC , parathion ( 1605 ) , methyl parathion ( methyl 1605 ) , methamidophos , acephate , omethoate , sodium pentachlorophenol , chlordimeform , g Budweiser, dicofol , isocarbophos , cyhalothrin , to Fu Ling and mixing agents highly toxic , high residue pesticides.
Application methods : conventional agricultural sprayers, choose low-capacity spray. Punta tea bushes sprayed surface sweep ; tea leaves to take the lower lateral low-volume knapsack sprayer spraying pests . The amount of pesticide safety interval : in strict accordance with GB4285, GB. T8321 into ( Appendix C of pollution-free tea can be used pesticides and their safety standards ) is required to control the amount of pesticide safety interval .
Non- fossil sources of pesticide use production season : such as: lime half the amount of Bordeaux mixture and so on.
Compression knapsack sprayer use and maintenance
1, to properly install the back sprayers components. Check all connections for leaks , use, install water spray test , then loaded agents.
2 , official use , the first Canadian Pharmacy , add water , the liquid 's surface can not exceed the safe water line . Spraying before pulling the joystick more than 10 times , so that the barrel pressure up to operating pressure . Not use excessive force when pulling the joystick to avoid the gas chamber explosion.
3 , the initial loading of liquid , due to the gas chamber and spray bar contains water, the spray initial 2-3 minutes of the injected liquid concentration is low, it should pay attention to fill spray , so as not to affect the pest control effect.
4, the work is completed, should be promptly poured barrel residual liquid, and washed with water poured dry , while checking the gas chamber without water, if water, to remove the water connector release water.
5, if the term is not used weed sprayer, the main components should be clean, dry bottles in a cool dry place . If the long-term need , all metal parts have to be spray butter , to prevent rust.
2 , official use , the first Canadian Pharmacy , add water , the liquid 's surface can not exceed the safe water line . Spraying before pulling the joystick more than 10 times , so that the barrel pressure up to operating pressure . Not use excessive force when pulling the joystick to avoid the gas chamber explosion.
3 , the initial loading of liquid , due to the gas chamber and spray bar contains water, the spray initial 2-3 minutes of the injected liquid concentration is low, it should pay attention to fill spray , so as not to affect the pest control effect.
4, the work is completed, should be promptly poured barrel residual liquid, and washed with water poured dry , while checking the gas chamber without water, if water, to remove the water connector release water.
5, if the term is not used weed sprayer, the main components should be clean, dry bottles in a cool dry place . If the long-term need , all metal parts have to be spray butter , to prevent rust.
2013年10月31日星期四
Note the use of pesticides
Bt is a bacterial insecticide , Bacillus thuringiensis class belonging , a variant of a good effect on the prevention and treatment of Lepidoptera larvae in use should pay attention to the following questions:
1 First, pay attention to the quality of Bt , general requirements per milliliter ( or 1 g ) containing more than 10 billion spores , applied concentration is 500 to 700 times , if the product is to increase the concentration of low bacterial content . When you open the bottle test if there is odor indicates may have expired.
(2) application of Bt Never with fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate other mix. Fungicide flower sprayer spray should be sprayed clean or fungicides will kill some Bt bacteria , thus affecting the insecticidal effect .
3 applied to the attention of the weather , the best on cloudy or weak illumination medication, if intense sunlight , ultraviolet light will kill bacteria Bt . Sunny days spraying, usually in the morning or afternoon before 10 , preferably in the foggy morning spraying. Temperatures generally in the 10 ~ 35 ℃ is appropriate, if food intake is too low will affect insect control effect is poor.
4 When the insect population density , in order to eradicate pests as soon as possible , add a small amount of pyrethroid pesticides such as speed kill small , Xing Bao cotton , kung fu , etc. , usually in the liquid sprayer can add 1 to 2 ml .
1 First, pay attention to the quality of Bt , general requirements per milliliter ( or 1 g ) containing more than 10 billion spores , applied concentration is 500 to 700 times , if the product is to increase the concentration of low bacterial content . When you open the bottle test if there is odor indicates may have expired.
(2) application of Bt Never with fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate other mix. Fungicide flower sprayer spray should be sprayed clean or fungicides will kill some Bt bacteria , thus affecting the insecticidal effect .
3 applied to the attention of the weather , the best on cloudy or weak illumination medication, if intense sunlight , ultraviolet light will kill bacteria Bt . Sunny days spraying, usually in the morning or afternoon before 10 , preferably in the foggy morning spraying. Temperatures generally in the 10 ~ 35 ℃ is appropriate, if food intake is too low will affect insect control effect is poor.
4 When the insect population density , in order to eradicate pests as soon as possible , add a small amount of pyrethroid pesticides such as speed kill small , Xing Bao cotton , kung fu , etc. , usually in the liquid sprayer can add 1 to 2 ml .
Paddy herbicide phytotoxicity reasons
In recent years, caused by the rice herbicide phytotoxicity to help things happen quite frequently , and the degree of injury increased from year to year . Many farmers suffer injury , holding natural attitude , not active treatment , the results suffer aggravation . Light brown rice plants of coke , stop growing ; severe dead plants and economic losses .
One , resulting in injury reasons
1 herbicide used improperly . Mainly some farmers to herbicides can not understand the blind abuse causes injury. If using herbicides wrong for upland rice fields specified in transplanting herbicides used for throwing field , live Tin .
(2) the amount of back pack sprayer spraying is not accurate. Herbicides must strictly follow the prescribed dosage administered medication is easy to produce excessive or uneven spraying injury .
3 application time inappropriate . High temperatures , strong sunlight , air dry, rain or dew is dry spraying , easy to cause injury occurred ; sensitive to herbicides in rice during medication, but also easily lead to injury .
4 Application methods unscientific . The use of herbicides , be sure to look him fine manual , as required operation. Such as the use of molinate , butyl benzyl and other types of herbicides, rice fields must be shallow layer of depth to height does not reveal the mud, do not submerge the lower leaf seedlings as well, and water for 5-7 days .hand sprayer If not at the required method of operation , can easily lead to injury.
5 intentional poisoning , resulting in injury. This situation is more special , more occurred in recent years . Generally because there is a dispute , the other party who were secretly cast herbicide , resulting in serious injury.
One , resulting in injury reasons
1 herbicide used improperly . Mainly some farmers to herbicides can not understand the blind abuse causes injury. If using herbicides wrong for upland rice fields specified in transplanting herbicides used for throwing field , live Tin .
(2) the amount of back pack sprayer spraying is not accurate. Herbicides must strictly follow the prescribed dosage administered medication is easy to produce excessive or uneven spraying injury .
3 application time inappropriate . High temperatures , strong sunlight , air dry, rain or dew is dry spraying , easy to cause injury occurred ; sensitive to herbicides in rice during medication, but also easily lead to injury .
4 Application methods unscientific . The use of herbicides , be sure to look him fine manual , as required operation. Such as the use of molinate , butyl benzyl and other types of herbicides, rice fields must be shallow layer of depth to height does not reveal the mud, do not submerge the lower leaf seedlings as well, and water for 5-7 days .hand sprayer If not at the required method of operation , can easily lead to injury.
5 intentional poisoning , resulting in injury. This situation is more special , more occurred in recent years . Generally because there is a dispute , the other party who were secretly cast herbicide , resulting in serious injury.
2013年10月28日星期一
Be careful of these leafy pests
Do not arbitrarily increase the drug concentration, the number of days between spraying should strictly enforce the general chemical control disease, every 6-7 days, spray agents, pest 10-15 days, spray; note spraying quality, all parts should be sprayed, not be missed, particularly the lower leaves. Requires positive and negative spraying, spray on the leaves but also negative, must not be careless, or ineffective; using 2,4-D dip dip flower anther to pay special attention, concentration can not be large, it can not be repeated dip flowers, or fruit teratogenic, if not careful 2,4-D sprayed on the leaves, even small concentrations, there will be injury, Ye Zicheng chicken feet shape.
To comply with pesticide safety interval because there are residues of pesticides, drugs can not fight today, tomorrow harvest vegetable market, so in the vegetable harvest spraying pesticide safety interval must pay attention to the different requirements of pesticide safety interval is not the same. For example Kui parathion pesticide safety interval is 14 days; zineb, mancozeb, carbendazim interval is 15 days; dimethoate, trichlorfon, metalaxyl (metalaxyl), triadimefon, one hundred bacterial clearance,pressure sprayers g mites PL pesticide interval of 7 days; phoxim, dichlorvos, speed kill small, thiophanate and other pesticides interval 5 days; Fosetyl pesticide interval of three days.
More choice of Protected Vegetable Pesticide smoke or dust protected because humidity, but with smoke, dusts pesticides to control pests without adding water, will not increase the humidity, the effect is good; cloudy, rainy as usual control, the effect is not affected. The spraying liquid is different, must choose sunny, otherwise the effect is not good. And the use of smoke or dust Pesticide labor, residues are generally not exceeded, the application of the protective benefits of a lot of vegetables.
Watched the sky, spraying liquid medication seedlings generally choose sunny, no wind (or wind very, very small) weather. perfume sprayer High temperature, the concentration should be appropriately reduced in order to avoid injury (in particular the protection of vegetables). Some pesticides (such as some organic phosphorus) used when the temperature is high efficacy increased. Miao hour, spraying fluid volume should be reduced, but not high concentrations, because tender seedlings easy to produce injury. Some vegetables sensitive to certain drugs, such as the 50% drop of aldicarb pesticide use on cucumber, 300 times with injury, 500 times without injury, but 500 times in cabbage using it to produce injury. Therefore, the concentration necessary to reduce the use of cabbage, requiring 800 times more.
To comply with pesticide safety interval because there are residues of pesticides, drugs can not fight today, tomorrow harvest vegetable market, so in the vegetable harvest spraying pesticide safety interval must pay attention to the different requirements of pesticide safety interval is not the same. For example Kui parathion pesticide safety interval is 14 days; zineb, mancozeb, carbendazim interval is 15 days; dimethoate, trichlorfon, metalaxyl (metalaxyl), triadimefon, one hundred bacterial clearance,pressure sprayers g mites PL pesticide interval of 7 days; phoxim, dichlorvos, speed kill small, thiophanate and other pesticides interval 5 days; Fosetyl pesticide interval of three days.
More choice of Protected Vegetable Pesticide smoke or dust protected because humidity, but with smoke, dusts pesticides to control pests without adding water, will not increase the humidity, the effect is good; cloudy, rainy as usual control, the effect is not affected. The spraying liquid is different, must choose sunny, otherwise the effect is not good. And the use of smoke or dust Pesticide labor, residues are generally not exceeded, the application of the protective benefits of a lot of vegetables.
Watched the sky, spraying liquid medication seedlings generally choose sunny, no wind (or wind very, very small) weather. perfume sprayer High temperature, the concentration should be appropriately reduced in order to avoid injury (in particular the protection of vegetables). Some pesticides (such as some organic phosphorus) used when the temperature is high efficacy increased. Miao hour, spraying fluid volume should be reduced, but not high concentrations, because tender seedlings easy to produce injury. Some vegetables sensitive to certain drugs, such as the 50% drop of aldicarb pesticide use on cucumber, 300 times with injury, 500 times without injury, but 500 times in cabbage using it to produce injury. Therefore, the concentration necessary to reduce the use of cabbage, requiring 800 times more.
Handheld selection of ultra low volume sprayer
To select a suitable spray method
For ultra-low-volume spraying requires the use of oil pesticide spraying diluted liquid or only several times,knapsack power sprayer spraying 0.3 liters less per acre, the droplet diameter of 60 microns to 90 microns. Low-volume spraying, the use of pesticide emulsions, and diluted with water several times first times, mu spraying liquid from 0.3 to 30 liters, the droplet diameter of 100 micrometers to 150 micrometers.
Select the appropriate wind speed, wind direction and air temperature
Usually in 2-3 spray when the wind is better. Operator should try walking direction perpendicular to the wind direction, and to the nozzle in the wind, so that the operator of pesticide droplets drifting away.
Master nozzle height
Oil pesticide use ultra low volume spray nozzle from the crop height is generally 0.8 to 1.2 m; choice for low-volume spray pesticide emulsion when the nozzle from the crop height of about 0.5 meters.
Select pesticides and pesticide use
To improve the effectiveness of pest control should be selected within the absorption dose pesticides and stomach poison pesticides and two pesticides used in combination. Pesticide use, with a low volume spraying,foam sprayer the amount of pesticide per acre generally administered 2000 ml can get better control effect.
For ultra-low-volume spraying requires the use of oil pesticide spraying diluted liquid or only several times,knapsack power sprayer spraying 0.3 liters less per acre, the droplet diameter of 60 microns to 90 microns. Low-volume spraying, the use of pesticide emulsions, and diluted with water several times first times, mu spraying liquid from 0.3 to 30 liters, the droplet diameter of 100 micrometers to 150 micrometers.
Select the appropriate wind speed, wind direction and air temperature
Usually in 2-3 spray when the wind is better. Operator should try walking direction perpendicular to the wind direction, and to the nozzle in the wind, so that the operator of pesticide droplets drifting away.
Master nozzle height
Oil pesticide use ultra low volume spray nozzle from the crop height is generally 0.8 to 1.2 m; choice for low-volume spray pesticide emulsion when the nozzle from the crop height of about 0.5 meters.
Select pesticides and pesticide use
To improve the effectiveness of pest control should be selected within the absorption dose pesticides and stomach poison pesticides and two pesticides used in combination. Pesticide use, with a low volume spraying,foam sprayer the amount of pesticide per acre generally administered 2000 ml can get better control effect.
2013年10月27日星期日
Mowing lawns is to pay attention to these
Just be trimmed lawn grass , if weeds have been a lot of pruning , you need to wait until the weeds grow enough leaf area before garden pressure sprayers spraying , or due to weed leaf area is too small, difficult to demonstrate the herbicidal effect .
Try not closed herbicides in the sand , sandy loam, no barren soil nutrient use . After sowing herbicide use , there are four conditions : seed casing ; very moist soil ; water consumption ; spray down the line .
Turfgrass injury occurred after the remedy. Principles: early to save , the sooner the better, and apply only to the suction -type herbicides. Within four days after the drug timely spraying Brassinolide ( GA , sodium nitrophenolate ) + a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + urea + speed rooting amount, repeat spraying interval of 4 days or so , basically able to completely detoxify. Regulator and fertilizer hand sprayer spraying over the main role is to provide increased seedling plant growth promoting safety.
Try not closed herbicides in the sand , sandy loam, no barren soil nutrient use . After sowing herbicide use , there are four conditions : seed casing ; very moist soil ; water consumption ; spray down the line .
Turfgrass injury occurred after the remedy. Principles: early to save , the sooner the better, and apply only to the suction -type herbicides. Within four days after the drug timely spraying Brassinolide ( GA , sodium nitrophenolate ) + a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + urea + speed rooting amount, repeat spraying interval of 4 days or so , basically able to completely detoxify. Regulator and fertilizer hand sprayer spraying over the main role is to provide increased seedling plant growth promoting safety.
Do not let the plant protection Yaoxie become the soft underbelly of landscape development
In recent years , China's fruit trees , forestry and nursery industry is developing very rapidly , and in some places even have developed into leading industries. However , relatively speaking , garden plant protection aspects of development is relatively slow Equipments , so many seedlings of agriculture, farmers in the selection Yaoxie when , but only from the field of plant protection Equipments choose , naturally less than ideal control effect , making a garden plant protection Equipments career development of weakness.
Despite the orchards, nurseries , gardens belong to farming, but after all, Daejeon grain, vegetable crops are different , so they took fruit trees and other landscape trees , the most obvious feature is the large tree topped , use common field sprayer to combat their diseases, pests , certainly not achieve the desired results , and the operator toting garden sprayers , standing on a high stool, ladder spray also dangerous. Therefore, many farmers , growers are hoping spray trees should be in the " high range , automatic target , to prevent drift and electrostatic spray " on an issue , so that the ortable sprayers mist sprayed only achieve the desired elevation , but also evenly attached to the leaf plane surface , reducing the height droplet drift, to achieve good control effect , although currently heard of these products listed, but foresters , farmers still difficult to buy .
In short , the development of Garden Plant Protection Equipments are the majority of farmers , growers and farmers hoping for seedlings , but also the requirements of the city garden workers . Therefore, I hope the relevant departments and enterprises to accelerate the research work in this area , so that has been identified as soon as the market advanced Yaoxie make garden work more modern plant protection concepts and requirements.
Despite the orchards, nurseries , gardens belong to farming, but after all, Daejeon grain, vegetable crops are different , so they took fruit trees and other landscape trees , the most obvious feature is the large tree topped , use common field sprayer to combat their diseases, pests , certainly not achieve the desired results , and the operator toting garden sprayers , standing on a high stool, ladder spray also dangerous. Therefore, many farmers , growers are hoping spray trees should be in the " high range , automatic target , to prevent drift and electrostatic spray " on an issue , so that the ortable sprayers mist sprayed only achieve the desired elevation , but also evenly attached to the leaf plane surface , reducing the height droplet drift, to achieve good control effect , although currently heard of these products listed, but foresters , farmers still difficult to buy .
In short , the development of Garden Plant Protection Equipments are the majority of farmers , growers and farmers hoping for seedlings , but also the requirements of the city garden workers . Therefore, I hope the relevant departments and enterprises to accelerate the research work in this area , so that has been identified as soon as the market advanced Yaoxie make garden work more modern plant protection concepts and requirements.
2013年10月25日星期五
China should attach importance to agricultural equipment multifaceted sustainable development
A sustainable agriculture and water-saving irrigation technology and equipment problems . Of water scarcity . Water per year 30 billion m3, drought-hit area of 20 million hm2, the country has 80 million rural drinking water. Therefore, we must find a way out from the water , develop water-saving agriculture. Currently, the promotion of water-saving irrigation technology and equipment has matured, but water-saving irrigation equipment, there are some issues to be resolved. First , China's water-saving irrigation machines and mobile machine nozzle, joint form basically the same , you can choose range of small, rotating nozzle uneven wear . Wind nozzles, special nozzles to be research and development . Secondly, micro-irrigation technology in the domestic micro sprinklers , drippers , various forms dropper with fewer species . System complete with control equipment , filters, fertilizer , injectors, and other key technology node blockage need to overcome . Third , water-saving devices , "three" low level , but also to further improve standards.
Two sustainable agriculture and land conservation technology and equipment problems . Of land conservation imminent. According to statistics, currently expanding desertification area has reached 1,533,000 square kilometers , accounting for 15.9% of the land area . Erosion surface increase, 39% of the country's total area ; land quality declining arable land 59% of phosphorus deficiency , 23% potassium ,chemical sprayer 14% lack both phosphorus and potassium , 30% nitrogen deficiency province 's arable land , China low-yielding fields representing about 70% of arable land ; land resources severely damaged due to various human factors , derelict land total 200 million acres ; national grassland each year 30 million mu to 4000 mu degradation , desertification grassland (50%) ; 70 % arid and semi -arid grassland . Nearly 10 years , the national forest area decreased by 23 ? 1% , the agricultural ecological environment deterioration , reduced water storage capacity . Land pollution is worsening . From industrial "three wastes " pollution , contaminated land 6,700,000 hm2; affected by acid rain harm agriculture 2,660,000 hm2; national industrial solid waste and municipal solid waste a total area of 5.36 million hm2, which accounted for farmland 40000 hm2. As well as from the pollution of agriculture itself , mainly excessive application of pesticides , resulting in changes in soil properties , soil fertility decline and so on.
To this end , research and development of grass and trees terracing of special machinery and equipment development project is imminent. Promotion and development of new ultra-low- volume spraying ( powder ) device , so that the liquid droplet diameter down to 15μm ~ 75μm, reduce pesticide use , improve the efficacy and control effect ; development of new agricultural film recycling machinery and equipment , prevention of pollution of agricultural plastic film .
Three dimensional cultivation of sustainable agriculture and technical equipment problems . Stereoscopic three-dimensional cultivation of agricultural cultivation , including three-dimensional cultivation, water power sprayer livestock integration , planting combination , courtyard economy mode. Machinery and equipment in this regard very little mechanization intercropping is a major problem , this is not caused by power machine and supporting tools ; farming raise land farming techniques and equipment developed much, much less be able to use ; courtyard economy is on the rise among , there is no typical mechanical equipment developed . Stereoscopic both sustainable agriculture cultivation technology and equipment needed for development , but also the "three rural" market need to develop products .
Two sustainable agriculture and land conservation technology and equipment problems . Of land conservation imminent. According to statistics, currently expanding desertification area has reached 1,533,000 square kilometers , accounting for 15.9% of the land area . Erosion surface increase, 39% of the country's total area ; land quality declining arable land 59% of phosphorus deficiency , 23% potassium ,chemical sprayer 14% lack both phosphorus and potassium , 30% nitrogen deficiency province 's arable land , China low-yielding fields representing about 70% of arable land ; land resources severely damaged due to various human factors , derelict land total 200 million acres ; national grassland each year 30 million mu to 4000 mu degradation , desertification grassland (50%) ; 70 % arid and semi -arid grassland . Nearly 10 years , the national forest area decreased by 23 ? 1% , the agricultural ecological environment deterioration , reduced water storage capacity . Land pollution is worsening . From industrial "three wastes " pollution , contaminated land 6,700,000 hm2; affected by acid rain harm agriculture 2,660,000 hm2; national industrial solid waste and municipal solid waste a total area of 5.36 million hm2, which accounted for farmland 40000 hm2. As well as from the pollution of agriculture itself , mainly excessive application of pesticides , resulting in changes in soil properties , soil fertility decline and so on.
To this end , research and development of grass and trees terracing of special machinery and equipment development project is imminent. Promotion and development of new ultra-low- volume spraying ( powder ) device , so that the liquid droplet diameter down to 15μm ~ 75μm, reduce pesticide use , improve the efficacy and control effect ; development of new agricultural film recycling machinery and equipment , prevention of pollution of agricultural plastic film .
Three dimensional cultivation of sustainable agriculture and technical equipment problems . Stereoscopic three-dimensional cultivation of agricultural cultivation , including three-dimensional cultivation, water power sprayer livestock integration , planting combination , courtyard economy mode. Machinery and equipment in this regard very little mechanization intercropping is a major problem , this is not caused by power machine and supporting tools ; farming raise land farming techniques and equipment developed much, much less be able to use ; courtyard economy is on the rise among , there is no typical mechanical equipment developed . Stereoscopic both sustainable agriculture cultivation technology and equipment needed for development , but also the "three rural" market need to develop products .
How to solve the problem fruit injury
Damage to plants pesticides divided into acute and chronic. Acute injury in a few hours to a few days of irrigation sprayer spraying that manifested , such as blades ( fruit ) spots , yellowing, chlorosis , wilt , leaf , leaves drop, DPC clusters and so on. Chronic drug after a long time before depriving manifested as reduced photosynthesis , flower bud formation and fruit ripening delay , small , deformity, color and flavor deterioration . Once fruit trees suffered injury, the following measures should be taken immediately to rescue .
1 , spray potassium permanganate . Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant , a variety of chemical substances having an oxidation decomposition. 6,000 times spraying potassium permanganate solution , which can effectively alleviate the injury.
2 , rinse with water. Most chemicals are not water erosion, if the injury caused by excessive pesticide concentrations , use foam sprayer filled with water , washed repeatedly toward the fruit leaves to wash away the residue of the drug to the blade surface .
3 , pause with similar drugs . Before the injury completely removed to minimize the use of pesticides, especially to stop using pesticides similar to avoid aggravating the injury .
4 , followed by fertilization of water . Fruit injury occurred after watering should be combined with fast-acting fertilizer supplement , and Row crop cultivators . Meanwhile, spraying should be 0.3-0.5% and 0.2-0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea , etc., in order to improve the nutritional status of fruit trees , and enhance root absorption capacity . Operation , should be in before 10:00 and after 16:00 .
1 , spray potassium permanganate . Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant , a variety of chemical substances having an oxidation decomposition. 6,000 times spraying potassium permanganate solution , which can effectively alleviate the injury.
2 , rinse with water. Most chemicals are not water erosion, if the injury caused by excessive pesticide concentrations , use foam sprayer filled with water , washed repeatedly toward the fruit leaves to wash away the residue of the drug to the blade surface .
3 , pause with similar drugs . Before the injury completely removed to minimize the use of pesticides, especially to stop using pesticides similar to avoid aggravating the injury .
4 , followed by fertilization of water . Fruit injury occurred after watering should be combined with fast-acting fertilizer supplement , and Row crop cultivators . Meanwhile, spraying should be 0.3-0.5% and 0.2-0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea , etc., in order to improve the nutritional status of fruit trees , and enhance root absorption capacity . Operation , should be in before 10:00 and after 16:00 .
2013年10月24日星期四
Banana frequency of application
Bananas with annual growth , rapid growth, large growth characteristics , and our climate is characterized by the best banana growing season hot and rainy weather occurs , after the fertilizer is easy to leakage, evaporation loss , therefore , must carry out the banana fertilization Qin Shi Shi thin , focusing on the period re-applied principle.
In recent years ,knapsack sprayer China's banana fertilization increased the number of prevalent than in the past , at least 5-9 times a year , as many as 10 to 20 times. How many times a year fertilization is appropriate then, it has been made a number of banana fertilization experiment , the first component 13 Shi , Shi eight times a second component , the same as the total amount of fertilizer . Results: The first group than the second group of plant stems 15 cm high , 2.7 cm thick ; first group of mid-August as a whole before pumping bud , before the beginning of the second set of nine group smoked ; production in the first group than the second group increased by 10% .
Fertilizer in multiple application, which can minimize wastage , improve efficiency, give full play to fertility. For sandy soil of banana plantations , fertilizers applied in multiple effect is more obvious.
Based on the above , we believe that the banana fertilization is more appropriate for the full year 12 times to 15 times , flower sprayer including heavy fertilizer five times , thin fat 7 to 10 times.
In recent years ,knapsack sprayer China's banana fertilization increased the number of prevalent than in the past , at least 5-9 times a year , as many as 10 to 20 times. How many times a year fertilization is appropriate then, it has been made a number of banana fertilization experiment , the first component 13 Shi , Shi eight times a second component , the same as the total amount of fertilizer . Results: The first group than the second group of plant stems 15 cm high , 2.7 cm thick ; first group of mid-August as a whole before pumping bud , before the beginning of the second set of nine group smoked ; production in the first group than the second group increased by 10% .
Fertilizer in multiple application, which can minimize wastage , improve efficiency, give full play to fertility. For sandy soil of banana plantations , fertilizers applied in multiple effect is more obvious.
Based on the above , we believe that the banana fertilization is more appropriate for the full year 12 times to 15 times , flower sprayer including heavy fertilizer five times , thin fat 7 to 10 times.
Goods pesticide sampling
Sampling methods are: a wide range of pesticides and formulations , very different physical state , except when sampling should follow the general sampling rules , we must also take into account the different states of the products of sampling methods :
( 1 ) solid product sampled. back pack sprayers The number of samples depends on the goods batch weight or number of pieces . Each batch at 200 or less , according to the 5% to take ; 200 or more may be 3% to take . Mined number of 5 to 10 is appropriate. Large containers should be upper, middle and lower parts taken . Can be slotted spoon sampler or sampling . Each sample not less than 100 grams. The samples were taken repeatedly shrink quartering points, and finally take the 100 to 150 grams sealed storage equipment seized .
( 2 ) a liquid sample collection . Sampling should try to make the product mix , and then remove the sampler capacity required . Each batch of products mined 3 to 5 , each sample of not less than 500 ml , mix the samples taken , and finally take a sample of not less than 200 ml , sealed storage equipment seized .
( 3 ) special form of product sampling . Should be based on the specific circumstances , the use of appropriate sampling methods . An aerosol can be taken from each batch of a few bottles of any inspection . Goods taken from a batch of pesticide samples, only on behalf of the batch . Therefore, samples taken shall be marked with : product name, manufacturer, date of manufacture , batch number, date and place of sampling . In the supply and demand sides of pesticide product quality demanded arbitration dispute analysis , or when authorized by the State Administration of Quality Supervision agencies pesticide product quality supervision and spot checks , garden water sprayer the sample shall be parties to the dispute or sampling with sampling mutual proceed. Sample letters signed by both parties , in duplicate , one to send inspection institutions , retained to prepare a reinspection .
( 1 ) solid product sampled. back pack sprayers The number of samples depends on the goods batch weight or number of pieces . Each batch at 200 or less , according to the 5% to take ; 200 or more may be 3% to take . Mined number of 5 to 10 is appropriate. Large containers should be upper, middle and lower parts taken . Can be slotted spoon sampler or sampling . Each sample not less than 100 grams. The samples were taken repeatedly shrink quartering points, and finally take the 100 to 150 grams sealed storage equipment seized .
( 2 ) a liquid sample collection . Sampling should try to make the product mix , and then remove the sampler capacity required . Each batch of products mined 3 to 5 , each sample of not less than 500 ml , mix the samples taken , and finally take a sample of not less than 200 ml , sealed storage equipment seized .
( 3 ) special form of product sampling . Should be based on the specific circumstances , the use of appropriate sampling methods . An aerosol can be taken from each batch of a few bottles of any inspection . Goods taken from a batch of pesticide samples, only on behalf of the batch . Therefore, samples taken shall be marked with : product name, manufacturer, date of manufacture , batch number, date and place of sampling . In the supply and demand sides of pesticide product quality demanded arbitration dispute analysis , or when authorized by the State Administration of Quality Supervision agencies pesticide product quality supervision and spot checks , garden water sprayer the sample shall be parties to the dispute or sampling with sampling mutual proceed. Sample letters signed by both parties , in duplicate , one to send inspection institutions , retained to prepare a reinspection .
2013年10月23日星期三
America should care Lecture Hall
In fact, good skin is not necessarily expensive skin care products can only be done when the folklore of many small recipe can also play a good role. Today, the United States should give a series of lectures Church skincare collection to recommend a few small recipe , let MM have easily have perfect skin .
Recipe 1 : Using vinegar and glycerin
Facial cleansing done every night before bed after working in five parts vinegar with one part glycerin into a mixture ratio , smear on the face and neck , you can sleep overnight , but also in half an hour and then rinse with water after PME Church with the moisturizing beauty cream whitening series , over about two weeks , the skin clear white slip .
Also in the face after the mixture is sprayed with a sprayer to the hands , remember to hand, then both hands pat the forehead , cheeks, chin and other parts , do not get eyes . Less the amount of the first use , the skin does not adapt , there will be some irritation, do not worry, these are normal reactions.
The principle is that recipe , vinegar and glycerin can not only health care , there are many cosmetic effect , in ancient times there with vinegar medicine medical records , that it has hair growth ,backpack garden sprayers beauty, blood pressure, lose weight. Want moisturizes the skin , the key is necessary to reduce the body's garbage peroxide and can not be excluded .
Recipe 2: salt whitening a coup
Salt in every home in the kitchen are able to find , is one of the ingredients intake every day , while salt is a natural skin whitening products saint .
A certain amount of salt mixed with water , brine in the face with a cotton pad dip gently smear when rubbed salt in the face , can effectively eliminate the accumulated fat face pores , pimples , blackheads , dead skin and so on. However , after the first wash , you may find the face is still too greasy, oil and grease is actually discharged grease your pores not wash clean . About a week or so , your face will be presenting a rosy transparent feeling.
Salt in addition to remove dirt , as well as anti-inflammatory effect , used to fade acne face wash can accelerate the speed . When coupled with lemon juice as an ingredient can also remove unsightly facial freckles . Method is to wash your face sooner or later , can be moistened with warm water and a teaspoon of salt as a cleanser to gently wash , pressure sprayer then rinse with cold water can be. If you deal with acne can be a teaspoon of salt dissolved completely with warm water , then moistened with a cotton pad and apply to the acne affected area and wrap 2-3 minutes will pick up speed healing of acne . If the removal of freckles , you can add the lemon juice has a bleaching effect , add water to dissolve the salt and coated in the face, after half a minute to thoroughly clean the face with warm water , lemon juice, salt .
Recipe 1 : Using vinegar and glycerin
Facial cleansing done every night before bed after working in five parts vinegar with one part glycerin into a mixture ratio , smear on the face and neck , you can sleep overnight , but also in half an hour and then rinse with water after PME Church with the moisturizing beauty cream whitening series , over about two weeks , the skin clear white slip .
Also in the face after the mixture is sprayed with a sprayer to the hands , remember to hand, then both hands pat the forehead , cheeks, chin and other parts , do not get eyes . Less the amount of the first use , the skin does not adapt , there will be some irritation, do not worry, these are normal reactions.
The principle is that recipe , vinegar and glycerin can not only health care , there are many cosmetic effect , in ancient times there with vinegar medicine medical records , that it has hair growth ,backpack garden sprayers beauty, blood pressure, lose weight. Want moisturizes the skin , the key is necessary to reduce the body's garbage peroxide and can not be excluded .
Recipe 2: salt whitening a coup
Salt in every home in the kitchen are able to find , is one of the ingredients intake every day , while salt is a natural skin whitening products saint .
A certain amount of salt mixed with water , brine in the face with a cotton pad dip gently smear when rubbed salt in the face , can effectively eliminate the accumulated fat face pores , pimples , blackheads , dead skin and so on. However , after the first wash , you may find the face is still too greasy, oil and grease is actually discharged grease your pores not wash clean . About a week or so , your face will be presenting a rosy transparent feeling.
Salt in addition to remove dirt , as well as anti-inflammatory effect , used to fade acne face wash can accelerate the speed . When coupled with lemon juice as an ingredient can also remove unsightly facial freckles . Method is to wash your face sooner or later , can be moistened with warm water and a teaspoon of salt as a cleanser to gently wash , pressure sprayer then rinse with cold water can be. If you deal with acne can be a teaspoon of salt dissolved completely with warm water , then moistened with a cotton pad and apply to the acne affected area and wrap 2-3 minutes will pick up speed healing of acne . If the removal of freckles , you can add the lemon juice has a bleaching effect , add water to dissolve the salt and coated in the face, after half a minute to thoroughly clean the face with warm water , lemon juice, salt .
Reasonable application of trichlorfon
Trichlorfon (C4H8O4Cl3P) an organic phosphorus esters in fish disease control with high efficiency , low toxicity, residual less residue shorter advantages.
In order to reduce and avoid the generation of resistant parasites on trichlorfon improve trichlorfon concentration range in a safe use of effects , you can take the following measures:
( 1 ) Rotation drug prevention and treatment of parasitic fish diseases , not long-term single-use trichlorfon a drug to cut pathogens resistant populations formation.
( 2 ) combination therapy can not only play rid combination pests, increase efficacy , reduce costs , and there is a clear inhibition of the development of resistance and to overcome the effect. Such as : 90 % of the crystal trichlorfon and ferrous sulfate mixture (0.5:0.2) 0.25ppm control carp Sinergasilus concurrent with Shi ; 90% crystal trichlorfon and surface alkali mixture (1:0.6) 0.25ppm can kill three generations worms, ring worm .
( 3 ) In order to enhance efficiency for trichlorfon for trichlorfon efficacy, reduce their parasite resistance , perfume sprayer in addition to strictly symptomatic medication and serious medication, reasonable compatibility synergist is one of the ways to improve the efficacy .
The rational application of trichlorfon
In the process of fish disease control how the rational use of trichlorfon , fishery production is a common concern . Rational use of trichlorfon main attention to the following points:
( 1 ) Use trichlorfon control parasitic fish diseases , pathogens objects shall different pH values and water quality and proper adjustment application rate , pH of 6.5-7 in the water can be slightly increased application rate , pH value of 8 -9 can reduce the dosage .
( 2 ) In order to improve fish disease control effect, reducing resistance , you should rotate the use of drugs .
( 3 ) when administered trichlorfon , not adding an alkaline substance or alkaline washing , iquid sprayer to prevent the formation of toxic substances methoxy acid chloride , livestock and fish to avoid poisoning.
( 4 ) trichlorfon original drug with acidic , sprinkle medicine is best not metal containers to prevent corrosion ; such as metal sprayer after use , must be promptly wash with water.
In order to reduce and avoid the generation of resistant parasites on trichlorfon improve trichlorfon concentration range in a safe use of effects , you can take the following measures:
( 1 ) Rotation drug prevention and treatment of parasitic fish diseases , not long-term single-use trichlorfon a drug to cut pathogens resistant populations formation.
( 2 ) combination therapy can not only play rid combination pests, increase efficacy , reduce costs , and there is a clear inhibition of the development of resistance and to overcome the effect. Such as : 90 % of the crystal trichlorfon and ferrous sulfate mixture (0.5:0.2) 0.25ppm control carp Sinergasilus concurrent with Shi ; 90% crystal trichlorfon and surface alkali mixture (1:0.6) 0.25ppm can kill three generations worms, ring worm .
( 3 ) In order to enhance efficiency for trichlorfon for trichlorfon efficacy, reduce their parasite resistance , perfume sprayer in addition to strictly symptomatic medication and serious medication, reasonable compatibility synergist is one of the ways to improve the efficacy .
The rational application of trichlorfon
In the process of fish disease control how the rational use of trichlorfon , fishery production is a common concern . Rational use of trichlorfon main attention to the following points:
( 1 ) Use trichlorfon control parasitic fish diseases , pathogens objects shall different pH values and water quality and proper adjustment application rate , pH of 6.5-7 in the water can be slightly increased application rate , pH value of 8 -9 can reduce the dosage .
( 2 ) In order to improve fish disease control effect, reducing resistance , you should rotate the use of drugs .
( 3 ) when administered trichlorfon , not adding an alkaline substance or alkaline washing , iquid sprayer to prevent the formation of toxic substances methoxy acid chloride , livestock and fish to avoid poisoning.
( 4 ) trichlorfon original drug with acidic , sprinkle medicine is best not metal containers to prevent corrosion ; such as metal sprayer after use , must be promptly wash with water.
2013年10月22日星期二
Pesticide spraying techniques
Spraying pesticides to control pests in many ways, can generally be sprayed and how much ( ie, the level of capacity ) , pesticide formulation types ( liquid, powder, etc. ) , as well as spray atomization principle applied to cloth method for classification. Pesticide Science, technology used essence , is to improve the pesticide on the target (i.e. target ) on the deposition rate , lower or regions in the non- target deposition , adopt the advanced application techniques to reduce the amount of pesticide applied to the minimum effective dose , maximize the effective utilization of pesticides , while minimizing pesticide application personnel and the environment against pollution .
Modern technology development direction pesticide use mainly traditional high-volume low-concentration spray high concentration to low volume spray method development ; big droplet spray fine mist spray to develop . Droplet distribution density is related to the effect of an important factor in prevention , per square centimeter droplet on the surface 20 can achieve the desired control effect. The same amount of liquid, if the droplet size by half , and the resulting 8 -fold increase the number of droplets . High concentrations of low-volume spray of fine droplets in a significant increase effective utilization of pesticides , while also improving efficiency, reduce labor intensity , saving water resources. And China is currently the most widely used high-capacity spray or spray method , tend to wet the crop to a " drip drop drug " phenomenon is not only wasteful , but can not reach a better control effect.
One , knapsack sprayer application techniques . Sprayer our current annual production capacity of 800 million units , brand , style a lot, but are of the same type , in particular, is just a tangential nozzle centrifugal kind of completely different different crops suited to control pests needs. With the domestic market development backpack water sprayer , high-grade , effort, medicine section of the new sprayer has emerged as a variety of spray guard card , configure all good atomization effect , is an ideal plant protection machinery products. Using manual sprayer spraying should pay attention to the following questions:
1, select non-drip phenomenon , good spray atomization , droplet density in guarantee case , to minimize the amount of spray . Prohibited the nozzle removed, and take rain France spraying.
2 , to strengthen the pesticide on crops wet adhesion , can add a small amount of liquid detergent and other types of wetlands development agent.
3, for different crops in different pests , use of different spraying parts. Currently widely used in tangential centrifugal nozzle, spray because of its large amount of structural relationships , the error is also large , uneven distribution , can only extensive pesticide spraying , no longer meet the technical requirements of the scientific use of pesticides , to gradually promote the use of vortex core or vortex -piece nozzle. Fan nozzle fog droplet distribution, spray can avoid re-spray leak phenomenon, spraying herbicides should vigorously promote the use of fan fog nozzle.
4, to change the current direction of travel along the right and left common bilateral "Z" shaped cross chemical sprayer spray habits, promote downwind side "Z" shaped spray application personnel to ensure that the area where no drugs area. Fog nozzle with a fan , you should take unilateral parallel advance of France spray nozzle swings should be avoided .
Modern technology development direction pesticide use mainly traditional high-volume low-concentration spray high concentration to low volume spray method development ; big droplet spray fine mist spray to develop . Droplet distribution density is related to the effect of an important factor in prevention , per square centimeter droplet on the surface 20 can achieve the desired control effect. The same amount of liquid, if the droplet size by half , and the resulting 8 -fold increase the number of droplets . High concentrations of low-volume spray of fine droplets in a significant increase effective utilization of pesticides , while also improving efficiency, reduce labor intensity , saving water resources. And China is currently the most widely used high-capacity spray or spray method , tend to wet the crop to a " drip drop drug " phenomenon is not only wasteful , but can not reach a better control effect.
One , knapsack sprayer application techniques . Sprayer our current annual production capacity of 800 million units , brand , style a lot, but are of the same type , in particular, is just a tangential nozzle centrifugal kind of completely different different crops suited to control pests needs. With the domestic market development backpack water sprayer , high-grade , effort, medicine section of the new sprayer has emerged as a variety of spray guard card , configure all good atomization effect , is an ideal plant protection machinery products. Using manual sprayer spraying should pay attention to the following questions:
1, select non-drip phenomenon , good spray atomization , droplet density in guarantee case , to minimize the amount of spray . Prohibited the nozzle removed, and take rain France spraying.
2 , to strengthen the pesticide on crops wet adhesion , can add a small amount of liquid detergent and other types of wetlands development agent.
3, for different crops in different pests , use of different spraying parts. Currently widely used in tangential centrifugal nozzle, spray because of its large amount of structural relationships , the error is also large , uneven distribution , can only extensive pesticide spraying , no longer meet the technical requirements of the scientific use of pesticides , to gradually promote the use of vortex core or vortex -piece nozzle. Fan nozzle fog droplet distribution, spray can avoid re-spray leak phenomenon, spraying herbicides should vigorously promote the use of fan fog nozzle.
4, to change the current direction of travel along the right and left common bilateral "Z" shaped cross chemical sprayer spray habits, promote downwind side "Z" shaped spray application personnel to ensure that the area where no drugs area. Fog nozzle with a fan , you should take unilateral parallel advance of France spray nozzle swings should be avoided .
Herbicide use of technology to improve
Play herbicide weed herbicide has its own performance characteristics , we must increase the use of technology to maximize the effectiveness of the herbicide weeding , weeding in order to achieve good results, and to reduce or avoid injury from occurring. To correctly handle the following relationships .
1 , application and climate relationships . When the weather is dry or when the wind is spraying, will increase the amount of liquid evaporation and drift , weeds, leaves , soil surface adhesion of the liquid is reduced , resulting in decreased herbicidal effects should be avoided in the dry and windy weather conditions The following spraying.
2 , application and temperature. Many herbicides increased activity in high temperature conditions , at low temperatures decreased activity , slow down dead grass , generally greater than the daily average temperature 8-10 ℃ degrees conducive efficacy of play . However, some herbicides in the day when the average temperature is about 5 ℃ low pressure sprayer spraying , you can still get a good herbicidal effect .
Such as fenoxaprop , alkynyl oxalic acid, tribenuron , azole grass ketone. In the days before winter the average temperature is about 5 ℃ ( no freezing at night as well ) to use , even after the winter to get a good herbicidal effect .
It should be noted with isoproturon head warm in cold tail spraying , cold spraying should be stopped 2-3 days before , or can produce cold injury.
3 , the relationship between pesticide and humidity . Whether soil or foliar treatment enclosed needs to have suitable soil moisture , drought conditions are not conducive to the efficacy of the play , you should avoid spraying too dry conditions .
4 , pesticide and water relations . How much water when spraying is related to the amount of liquid adhesion and uniformity of spraying , thus affecting the herbicidal effect . Asked not to re-spray herbicide , does not leak spray , repeat some easy to produce injury , where leakage spray weeds die. According to practical experience , as a soil closed when weeding , mu liquid volume of 45-60 kg as well ( hand sprayer 3-4 buckets of water ) , foliar treatment agent to 30-45 kg ( 2-3 buckets of water ) as well .
5 , application and preparation Quality. Crushing smooth soil surface is conducive to the formation of liquid membrane closure , weeding effect. Uneven soil surface , and large clods of soil surface is not conducive to closed , and because of freezing and thawing in winter , a large clods broken, resulting in increased spring the grass , reducing the herbicidal effect .
1 , application and climate relationships . When the weather is dry or when the wind is spraying, will increase the amount of liquid evaporation and drift , weeds, leaves , soil surface adhesion of the liquid is reduced , resulting in decreased herbicidal effects should be avoided in the dry and windy weather conditions The following spraying.
2 , application and temperature. Many herbicides increased activity in high temperature conditions , at low temperatures decreased activity , slow down dead grass , generally greater than the daily average temperature 8-10 ℃ degrees conducive efficacy of play . However, some herbicides in the day when the average temperature is about 5 ℃ low pressure sprayer spraying , you can still get a good herbicidal effect .
Such as fenoxaprop , alkynyl oxalic acid, tribenuron , azole grass ketone. In the days before winter the average temperature is about 5 ℃ ( no freezing at night as well ) to use , even after the winter to get a good herbicidal effect .
It should be noted with isoproturon head warm in cold tail spraying , cold spraying should be stopped 2-3 days before , or can produce cold injury.
3 , the relationship between pesticide and humidity . Whether soil or foliar treatment enclosed needs to have suitable soil moisture , drought conditions are not conducive to the efficacy of the play , you should avoid spraying too dry conditions .
4 , pesticide and water relations . How much water when spraying is related to the amount of liquid adhesion and uniformity of spraying , thus affecting the herbicidal effect . Asked not to re-spray herbicide , does not leak spray , repeat some easy to produce injury , where leakage spray weeds die. According to practical experience , as a soil closed when weeding , mu liquid volume of 45-60 kg as well ( hand sprayer 3-4 buckets of water ) , foliar treatment agent to 30-45 kg ( 2-3 buckets of water ) as well .
5 , application and preparation Quality. Crushing smooth soil surface is conducive to the formation of liquid membrane closure , weeding effect. Uneven soil surface , and large clods of soil surface is not conducive to closed , and because of freezing and thawing in winter , a large clods broken, resulting in increased spring the grass , reducing the herbicidal effect .
2013年10月9日星期三
Phytophthora infestans new pharmaceutical spraying period
( A ) seed disinfection after soaking in the diced potato .
( 2 ) Summer in the soil after sowing before .
( 3 ) potato foliage hand sprayers at 15 days after emergence of the first spray interval of 10 days and then sprayed again. After the closure of the line or the early onset of the spray .
Soaking seed disinfection dosage Hilfiger 800 times with 44% , 100 liters ( kg ) water plus 44% Feige Jia 125 ml . Summer with 44% Hilfiger 150 ml / ha. Prevention of late blight postemergence foliage spray with 44% Hilfiger 750-1000 ml / hectare ( acre 50-67 ml ) , or 800 times , 44% of early onset Hilfiger 1050-1200 ml / hectare ( acre 70-80 ml ) ,flower sprayer or 600 times, late blight commonly occurs four percent Hilfiger 1200-1350 ml / ha ( 80-90 ml per acre ) , or 500 times . Hilfiger care with Pitt , He Sheng Su mix can increase potato late blight control effect , increasing the starch content and yield .
( 2 ) Summer in the soil after sowing before .
( 3 ) potato foliage hand sprayers at 15 days after emergence of the first spray interval of 10 days and then sprayed again. After the closure of the line or the early onset of the spray .
Soaking seed disinfection dosage Hilfiger 800 times with 44% , 100 liters ( kg ) water plus 44% Feige Jia 125 ml . Summer with 44% Hilfiger 150 ml / ha. Prevention of late blight postemergence foliage spray with 44% Hilfiger 750-1000 ml / hectare ( acre 50-67 ml ) , or 800 times , 44% of early onset Hilfiger 1050-1200 ml / hectare ( acre 70-80 ml ) ,flower sprayer or 600 times, late blight commonly occurs four percent Hilfiger 1200-1350 ml / ha ( 80-90 ml per acre ) , or 500 times . Hilfiger care with Pitt , He Sheng Su mix can increase potato late blight control effect , increasing the starch content and yield .
Sprayer Common Faults and exclusion method
Many types of spray nozzles , here rocker and worm sprinkler common faults and troubleshooting .
1 Water tongue abnormal traits Rotating sprinklers if working properly, in the absence of otherness ( rocker style guide or worm water heaters · impeller ) blocked, the water in the vicinity of the nozzle tongue should have a smooth , transparent, round dense paragraph after paragraph in dense water tongue gradually turned white and was crushed ; its range of not less than 85% of the standard value , and should be good atomization . Otherwise, water tongue trait abnormalities. Its causes and remedies as follows: ① water tongue just left the nozzle on the rough surface of an opaque , but the water is still the mainstream of the tongue is circular, because sprinklers processing rough, burrs or damage. Sprinklers should be polished or replace the nozzle . ② water leaves the nozzle on the tongue just a spread , no round dense paragraphs. The main reason is inside the nozzle was badly damaged and should be replaced ; rectifier distortion , should be repaired or replaced ; flow channel within the blockage should remove foreign bodies .
2 range is not enough water tongue
① range is not enough , but the water is still good atomization tongue , mainly due to the nozzle speed is too fast , you should adjust small nozzle speed . ② range is not enough and the water jet atomization poor. The reason is not enough pressure , may be required to increase the pressure .
3 sprinkler rotation is not normal
① rocker works fine, but the head does not turn or rotate very slowly. The following reasons: a hollow shaft and the sleeve shaft gap is too small , should increase its gap ; between being blocked into the sediment should be removed cleaned ; installation sleeve shaft screw too tight, should be relaxed . ② arm angle is too small. Reasons: rocker spring too tight, should be appropriately loosen ; rocker mounted too high , water flowing water can not completely cut tongue , should be lowered ; rocker arms and rocker arm shaft with tight , should increase the gap ; pressure low and should be increased . ③ rocker angle is large enough, but the percussion weakness. The reason is water deflector tongue cut too deep , so that the power has not been fully tap rocker hand pump sprayers sprayed body incurs in red open . Tapping block should thicken . ④ rocker percussion frequency instability , unsteadiness . The reason is the rocker arm and shaft rocker shaft with Songkuang or loose , you need to identify the reasons corrected. ⑤ not return after arm throw . Mainly due to the rocker arm spring is too loose , you should tighten the springs.
4 worm type ( impeller ) nozzle rotation is not normal
① impeller idling but the head does not turn . Main reasons: the impeller shaft and the small worm screw loose coupling between or pins off, should be tightened ; big worm shaft and sleeve positioned between the screw loose , should be tightened ; reversing gear did not catch , should be pulling the lever to make commutation gear to catch . ② water tongue is normal but the impeller does not turn, fruit tree sprayers the body does not turn . Main reasons: worm or gear oil, resistance is too large , you should add oil ; positioning screws too tightly , resulting in a large worm with eccentric , should be appropriately loosen ; impeller is stuck foreign body , should be cleared ; worm , gear or hollow shaft and shaft sleeve rust prison, should rust refueling.
5 leaking nozzle rotating parts
① gasket into the sediment, so that the sealing surface is not sealed , remove the hollow shaft clean. ② insufficient precision nozzle , the hollow shaft and the sleeve shaft is not closely with the end surface , should be repaired or replaced.
1 Water tongue abnormal traits Rotating sprinklers if working properly, in the absence of otherness ( rocker style guide or worm water heaters · impeller ) blocked, the water in the vicinity of the nozzle tongue should have a smooth , transparent, round dense paragraph after paragraph in dense water tongue gradually turned white and was crushed ; its range of not less than 85% of the standard value , and should be good atomization . Otherwise, water tongue trait abnormalities. Its causes and remedies as follows: ① water tongue just left the nozzle on the rough surface of an opaque , but the water is still the mainstream of the tongue is circular, because sprinklers processing rough, burrs or damage. Sprinklers should be polished or replace the nozzle . ② water leaves the nozzle on the tongue just a spread , no round dense paragraphs. The main reason is inside the nozzle was badly damaged and should be replaced ; rectifier distortion , should be repaired or replaced ; flow channel within the blockage should remove foreign bodies .
2 range is not enough water tongue
① range is not enough , but the water is still good atomization tongue , mainly due to the nozzle speed is too fast , you should adjust small nozzle speed . ② range is not enough and the water jet atomization poor. The reason is not enough pressure , may be required to increase the pressure .
3 sprinkler rotation is not normal
① rocker works fine, but the head does not turn or rotate very slowly. The following reasons: a hollow shaft and the sleeve shaft gap is too small , should increase its gap ; between being blocked into the sediment should be removed cleaned ; installation sleeve shaft screw too tight, should be relaxed . ② arm angle is too small. Reasons: rocker spring too tight, should be appropriately loosen ; rocker mounted too high , water flowing water can not completely cut tongue , should be lowered ; rocker arms and rocker arm shaft with tight , should increase the gap ; pressure low and should be increased . ③ rocker angle is large enough, but the percussion weakness. The reason is water deflector tongue cut too deep , so that the power has not been fully tap rocker hand pump sprayers sprayed body incurs in red open . Tapping block should thicken . ④ rocker percussion frequency instability , unsteadiness . The reason is the rocker arm and shaft rocker shaft with Songkuang or loose , you need to identify the reasons corrected. ⑤ not return after arm throw . Mainly due to the rocker arm spring is too loose , you should tighten the springs.
4 worm type ( impeller ) nozzle rotation is not normal
① impeller idling but the head does not turn . Main reasons: the impeller shaft and the small worm screw loose coupling between or pins off, should be tightened ; big worm shaft and sleeve positioned between the screw loose , should be tightened ; reversing gear did not catch , should be pulling the lever to make commutation gear to catch . ② water tongue is normal but the impeller does not turn, fruit tree sprayers the body does not turn . Main reasons: worm or gear oil, resistance is too large , you should add oil ; positioning screws too tightly , resulting in a large worm with eccentric , should be appropriately loosen ; impeller is stuck foreign body , should be cleared ; worm , gear or hollow shaft and shaft sleeve rust prison, should rust refueling.
5 leaking nozzle rotating parts
① gasket into the sediment, so that the sealing surface is not sealed , remove the hollow shaft clean. ② insufficient precision nozzle , the hollow shaft and the sleeve shaft is not closely with the end surface , should be repaired or replaced.
2013年10月8日星期二
Seven types of instruments are included in the scope of subsidies Senfang
Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture , the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the " 2010 farm machinery purchase subsidy implementation guidance" , of which there are seven categories of forestry pest control equipment items to be included in the scope of subsidies .
It is understood that seven categories of forestry pest control equipment as follows: electric chemical sprayer ( including backpack , portable ) , motor spray powder machine ( including knapsack sprayers duster , knapsack sprayer , knapsack duster machines ) , power sprayers ( including stretcher , trolley sprayer ) , spray rod sprayer ( including traction , self-propelled , suspended boom sprayer ) , wind sent sprayer ( including self-propelled style , traction -type air sprayers ) , smoke machines ( including normal smoke machine , hot smoke machine ) and insecticidal lamps ( including off moth light trap lamp ) .
The " Opinion" provides subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery in general continue to implement the standard does not exceed 30 % of the proportion of subsidies ( earthquake severely affected counties , focusing on schistosomiasis epidemic proportion of subsidies can be increased to 50% ) , single subsidy in principle, more than five million.
It is understood that seven categories of forestry pest control equipment as follows: electric chemical sprayer ( including backpack , portable ) , motor spray powder machine ( including knapsack sprayers duster , knapsack sprayer , knapsack duster machines ) , power sprayers ( including stretcher , trolley sprayer ) , spray rod sprayer ( including traction , self-propelled , suspended boom sprayer ) , wind sent sprayer ( including self-propelled style , traction -type air sprayers ) , smoke machines ( including normal smoke machine , hot smoke machine ) and insecticidal lamps ( including off moth light trap lamp ) .
The " Opinion" provides subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery in general continue to implement the standard does not exceed 30 % of the proportion of subsidies ( earthquake severely affected counties , focusing on schistosomiasis epidemic proportion of subsidies can be increased to 50% ) , single subsidy in principle, more than five million.
Modern agriculture
Adapt to the development of sustainable agriculture technology combines new products. ( 1 ) self-propelled semi-feeding combine harvester rubber track series . ( 2 ) corn combine harvester series. ( 3 ) Grain Combine Harvester longitudinal axial series . ( 4 ) Self-propelled full- feed rice combine harvester series : Motive power 14.7kW ~ 22.1kW, 29.4kW ~ 36? 7kW, 58.8kW, ground pressure 0.24kg/cm2, off the net rate of 99% , cleaning rate of 98.5% , cleaning loss rate of 0.5% . Straw chopper to field . Main working parts installed alarm system.
Major agricultural technology development facilities equipped with the new products ( 1 ) development of greenhouses with heating equipment. Adapt to the cold northern regions warm greenhouse heating . Development of a variety of specifications and varieties , adapted to different facilities, agricultural technologies. ( 2 ) development of cooling equipment . Including wet curtain cooling fan system and spray system . ( 3 ) development of soilless culture -related major equipment. ( 4 ) development of small power for greenhouses and supporting tools. Such as pollution , compact, more energy, good process performance portable small power equipment, complete sets of production , supply market still need to be specially developed . ( 5 ) development of efficient seedling tray seeding and planting equipment transplanting equipment . These products are not mature enough and reliable in the country , still need to vigorously developed to enhance the greenhouse effect is used . ( 6 ) Greenhouse irrigation systems to increase water-saving irrigation facilities, specifications and varieties ,garden sprayers improved irrigation and drip device reliability and service life .
Vigorously develop new agricultural products, sustainable agricultural development of modern agricultural equipment relying essential.
The core objective of sustainable development of agriculture is the Agricultural Development and the sustainability of resources and the environment of unity , ensure to meet the needs of the present without doing damage to human generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development of agriculture is the key to maintaining self- purification capacity of the environment , sustainable production capacity of soils , crops, high-quality high-yielding ability , which requires a scientific system and land conservation tillage cultivation training system . This is the middle of the key factors is the production tool to enhance productivity , represented , for China this stage is mainly agricultural equipment modernization . Chinese Agricultural Mechanization has changed from the initial stage towards the intermediate stage , China's agriculture has been progress in the natural state of the agricultural economy to the industrialized agricultural economy into a state of the road , how in the industrialized state of the agricultural economy of Chinese agricultural civilization establish a new form of modern science and technology , tree sprayer environmental protection , information and other relevant institutional mechanisms deep-seated change, mechanization , intensive , large-scale agricultural economy into the main features of the form is the Chinese rural construction need to think about an important topic . Chinese agricultural equipment modernization is the fundamental way agricultural transformation .
Major agricultural technology development facilities equipped with the new products ( 1 ) development of greenhouses with heating equipment. Adapt to the cold northern regions warm greenhouse heating . Development of a variety of specifications and varieties , adapted to different facilities, agricultural technologies. ( 2 ) development of cooling equipment . Including wet curtain cooling fan system and spray system . ( 3 ) development of soilless culture -related major equipment. ( 4 ) development of small power for greenhouses and supporting tools. Such as pollution , compact, more energy, good process performance portable small power equipment, complete sets of production , supply market still need to be specially developed . ( 5 ) development of efficient seedling tray seeding and planting equipment transplanting equipment . These products are not mature enough and reliable in the country , still need to vigorously developed to enhance the greenhouse effect is used . ( 6 ) Greenhouse irrigation systems to increase water-saving irrigation facilities, specifications and varieties ,garden sprayers improved irrigation and drip device reliability and service life .
Vigorously develop new agricultural products, sustainable agricultural development of modern agricultural equipment relying essential.
The core objective of sustainable development of agriculture is the Agricultural Development and the sustainability of resources and the environment of unity , ensure to meet the needs of the present without doing damage to human generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development of agriculture is the key to maintaining self- purification capacity of the environment , sustainable production capacity of soils , crops, high-quality high-yielding ability , which requires a scientific system and land conservation tillage cultivation training system . This is the middle of the key factors is the production tool to enhance productivity , represented , for China this stage is mainly agricultural equipment modernization . Chinese Agricultural Mechanization has changed from the initial stage towards the intermediate stage , China's agriculture has been progress in the natural state of the agricultural economy to the industrialized agricultural economy into a state of the road , how in the industrialized state of the agricultural economy of Chinese agricultural civilization establish a new form of modern science and technology , tree sprayer environmental protection , information and other relevant institutional mechanisms deep-seated change, mechanization , intensive , large-scale agricultural economy into the main features of the form is the Chinese rural construction need to think about an important topic . Chinese agricultural equipment modernization is the fundamental way agricultural transformation .
2013年10月7日星期一
Flower remedy safety
Flowers pest control pests must first understand the cause , infection cycle and its ecological environment, grasp the hazards of the time, location, extent and other laws in order to remedy.
A non infectious disease medication ( 1 ) sunburn harm plants like fire in the middle upper leaves like , pale red, but no rain affected parts of the mold shaped . ( 2 ) water waterlogging can cause rot, easy to lodging . Frost damage seedling leaf edge first dry coke wrinkle volume , no rain affected parts of the mold shaped bark rupture. water power sprayer ( 3 ) of drought victims in the upper leaves wrinkles, drooping . ( 4 ) pollution damage leaves dirty , easy to wipe. Fertilizer damage shoots wilting , growth stagnation. ( 5 ) deficiency harm plant growth retardation , leaf deformation dull, dry from the bottom up along the blade off.
These diseases are physiological diseases, pesticides are not can and can only be solved by changing ecological conditions , but in conjunction with external fertilization to remedy the root .
(2) infectious disease medication ( 1 ) fungal disease often leaves white , rust powder, coal pollution , mold layer , plaques, rain spots back often fungal spores mold shaped . The disease can choose Zineb , Peronophythora spirits do routine prevention . In the peak of the disease , the available edifenphos , Amobam , tuzet , carbendazim , g Isoprothiolane used interchangeably , the dilution of : Powder 500-800 times liquid , cream or liquid 800-1000 times . ( 2 ) bacterial diseases mainly against rhizomes , corms , bulbs , tubers , etc. Affected parts of the dry conditions into a powder , high-temperature conditions into a water-soaked . Optional 200,000 units of the diseases of streptomycin 30 gram of water 50 kg pouring spout . ( 3 ) showed mosaic virus disease , dry spots , ringed , yellow leaves , deformity, arbuscular , upper leaves fall off . Optional oxytetracycline ,liquid sprayer viruses Spirit of 20 , dissolved in 12 kg of water poured or sprayed with 2.5 kg isatis boiled pouring spout .
A non infectious disease medication ( 1 ) sunburn harm plants like fire in the middle upper leaves like , pale red, but no rain affected parts of the mold shaped . ( 2 ) water waterlogging can cause rot, easy to lodging . Frost damage seedling leaf edge first dry coke wrinkle volume , no rain affected parts of the mold shaped bark rupture. water power sprayer ( 3 ) of drought victims in the upper leaves wrinkles, drooping . ( 4 ) pollution damage leaves dirty , easy to wipe. Fertilizer damage shoots wilting , growth stagnation. ( 5 ) deficiency harm plant growth retardation , leaf deformation dull, dry from the bottom up along the blade off.
These diseases are physiological diseases, pesticides are not can and can only be solved by changing ecological conditions , but in conjunction with external fertilization to remedy the root .
(2) infectious disease medication ( 1 ) fungal disease often leaves white , rust powder, coal pollution , mold layer , plaques, rain spots back often fungal spores mold shaped . The disease can choose Zineb , Peronophythora spirits do routine prevention . In the peak of the disease , the available edifenphos , Amobam , tuzet , carbendazim , g Isoprothiolane used interchangeably , the dilution of : Powder 500-800 times liquid , cream or liquid 800-1000 times . ( 2 ) bacterial diseases mainly against rhizomes , corms , bulbs , tubers , etc. Affected parts of the dry conditions into a powder , high-temperature conditions into a water-soaked . Optional 200,000 units of the diseases of streptomycin 30 gram of water 50 kg pouring spout . ( 3 ) showed mosaic virus disease , dry spots , ringed , yellow leaves , deformity, arbuscular , upper leaves fall off . Optional oxytetracycline ,liquid sprayer viruses Spirit of 20 , dissolved in 12 kg of water poured or sprayed with 2.5 kg isatis boiled pouring spout .
Flowers conduct biological safety
Biological control is to reduce drug use, avoid flowers produce a measure of resistance .
One can make use of pest disease, lethal bacteria, fungi , viruses or their metabolites to control pests . Usually cultured microbial virulence of the pest , and then made into powder spraying , so that pests death. Such as bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis preparations against lepidopteran insect larvae highly toxic , killing excellent results. Experimental results show that the effect is also very good fungal pest . Such as the use bassiana parasites in the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and other insects and worm class body , can be very effective in killing pests. Poplar lice red seat molds for whitefly has a high virulence . The use of research and application of pest control virus also made great progress in the application of more nuclear polyhedrosis virus . Strong expertise insect virus resistance , garden pressure sprayer virulence is also strong, lasting effect. Practical applications often made of the virus preparations agent, platinum , wettable powder , etc. applied into the soil or spraying pest control .
Second, the use of microbial antagonism between and certain microbial metabolic products , to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms flowers , development, and even to death. Such material is antibiotics. If code is " 5406 " flower flower fertilizer can prevent certain fungal diseases , bacterial diseases and mosaic virus .
Third is to use the nature of the food chain , food chain relationships or parasitic relationship to combat pests. For example, the use of daylight bee control aphid ; bottle sprayer utilization dragonflies, praying mantis and other predatory insects and so on.
But also the use of plant immunity and Vegetable saps the active ingredients to combat pests and diseases. As with aqueous garlic can prevent many types of bacteria. Physiologically active substances to the use of plant pest is currently the focus of research at home and abroad , is one of the ways a good prospect . In addition the use of biological pest control engineering approach is also a new trend of development, such as genetically modified technology.
One can make use of pest disease, lethal bacteria, fungi , viruses or their metabolites to control pests . Usually cultured microbial virulence of the pest , and then made into powder spraying , so that pests death. Such as bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis preparations against lepidopteran insect larvae highly toxic , killing excellent results. Experimental results show that the effect is also very good fungal pest . Such as the use bassiana parasites in the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and other insects and worm class body , can be very effective in killing pests. Poplar lice red seat molds for whitefly has a high virulence . The use of research and application of pest control virus also made great progress in the application of more nuclear polyhedrosis virus . Strong expertise insect virus resistance , garden pressure sprayer virulence is also strong, lasting effect. Practical applications often made of the virus preparations agent, platinum , wettable powder , etc. applied into the soil or spraying pest control .
Second, the use of microbial antagonism between and certain microbial metabolic products , to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms flowers , development, and even to death. Such material is antibiotics. If code is " 5406 " flower flower fertilizer can prevent certain fungal diseases , bacterial diseases and mosaic virus .
Third is to use the nature of the food chain , food chain relationships or parasitic relationship to combat pests. For example, the use of daylight bee control aphid ; bottle sprayer utilization dragonflies, praying mantis and other predatory insects and so on.
But also the use of plant immunity and Vegetable saps the active ingredients to combat pests and diseases. As with aqueous garlic can prevent many types of bacteria. Physiologically active substances to the use of plant pest is currently the focus of research at home and abroad , is one of the ways a good prospect . In addition the use of biological pest control engineering approach is also a new trend of development, such as genetically modified technology.
2013年9月26日星期四
Fertilizer dosage should be appropriate
Can be used as basal fertilizer , seed fertilizer and top dressing . Than the amount used as a base fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers smaller. Zinc ( seven water zinc sulfate ) in food crops per acre with 1 to 2 kg , manganese fertilizer ( manganese sulfate ) with 2 to 4 kg , boron ( borax ) with 0.4 to 0.5 kg , molybdenum fertilizer ( ammonium ) only 10 to 25 grams , usually in a serious lack of certain micronutrients plots before applying basal . As with less, and the large number of elements can be fertilizers, soil or organic fertilizer mixed use , or dissolved in water , irrigation sprayer sprayed on organic fertilizer , organic fertilizer along with the application . Fertilizer to seed dressing or fertilizer is mainly used for soaking . Per kilogram of seed dressing with Zn 5 grams or molybdenum fertilizer 2 to 3 grams , with the amount of water-soluble , spray with a sprayer on the seeds , or seeds in the same solution and the solution is stirred , dry sowing. Soaking can be from 0.02% to 0.05% zinc sulfate or borax solution , soaking time of wheat , corn 6 to 12 hours can be soaked rice 1 to 2 nights. Dressing can be applied to the soil , but more common is spraying. Usually 0.1% to 0.3% borax or zinc sulfate heptahydrate , 0.1% to 0.2% of boric acid , or 0.05 % to 0.1 % of the ammonium molybdate solution sprayed twice over.
For annual crops in the seedling to the flowering stage spray every 7 to 10 days time . Fruit trees in bud and flowering water power sprayer spraying. Water-soluble fertilizer can be used as basic fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing , sparingly soluble fertilizer commonly used as base fertilizer. The amount and concentration of fertilizer is not tested in the case can not be arbitrarily increased to avoid poison crops.
For annual crops in the seedling to the flowering stage spray every 7 to 10 days time . Fruit trees in bud and flowering water power sprayer spraying. Water-soluble fertilizer can be used as basic fertilizer, seed fertilizer and top dressing , sparingly soluble fertilizer commonly used as base fertilizer. The amount and concentration of fertilizer is not tested in the case can not be arbitrarily increased to avoid poison crops.
How to deal with diseases of peanut seeds
Peanut main diseases stem rot, root rot, crown rot , blight , etc., yield losses due to these diseases is about 20 % -25% , disease prevention and control better approach is systemic fungicide carbendazim seed treatment . China's production of carbendazim 50% and 40% carbendazim WP Carbendazim colloidal suspension agent , the drug treatment of seeds , the seeds can not only eliminate the bacteria inside and outside , but also can protect the peanut seeds , shoots , roots , stem base from soil bacteria infection , as well as some fertilizer effect. Carbendazim gum disease prevention is better than a suspending agent can be of carbendazim wettable powder .
Chemical treatment methods peanut seeds are the following:
First, the drug soil seed : with 50 % carbendazim WP per 50 kg seeds medicine 0.15-0.25 kg ( calculated as the effective ingredient 0.075-0.125 kg ) , the fine powder with 2.5-5 kg dry soil mix even with medicine soil . Peanut seeds wet washing with water , and then layered soil mixing with drugs , to make each and peanut seeds are evenly coated with drugs soil, soil mixed with drugs immediately after planting.
Second, the liquid seed dressing : with 50% carbendazim WP , per 50 kilograms of peanut seeds with medicine 0.15-0.25 kg , add water 2 kg dubbed liquid,backpack weed sprayers spray with a sprayer peanut seeds respectively , so that each piece peanut seeds are evenly coated with liquid, dry immediately after planting.
Third, the soaking liquid : with 50 % carbendazim WP per 50 kg seeds with medicine 0.15-0.25 kg , add water to 30 kg dubbed liquid, soak peanut seeds 50 kg , cold soak for 24 hours, turning two middle -3 times , can be planted after soaking .
The prevention of the above methods stem rot , blight, root rot results are above 90%, dressing and soaking no significant difference in the effect of disease prevention , but considering the dressing method is simple, or as seed for the good . Pharmaceutical treatment of peanut leaves dark green , robust growth , with an average increase of about 30%, some 50% of production , or even more than doubled, also at least about 10% yield , pod increased 10-20 % , with the increase of the number of drug the amount of the increase , but the amount of medication ( active ingredient ) than 1% of the seed phytotoxicity , emergence effect .
Although peanut seeds treated with carbendazim significantly increase yield and disease prevention , but this did not wilt agents on disease prevention effects of peanut . No use of carbendazim on the incidence of peanut seeds treated plots , if necessary, can also be hand held sprayer sprayed with a 1000 -fold in the seedling stage liquid, preventing effect is also more than 90 percent , an increase of 10% or more, with 500 times the liquid IRRIGATING there certain effects.
Chemical treatment methods peanut seeds are the following:
First, the drug soil seed : with 50 % carbendazim WP per 50 kg seeds medicine 0.15-0.25 kg ( calculated as the effective ingredient 0.075-0.125 kg ) , the fine powder with 2.5-5 kg dry soil mix even with medicine soil . Peanut seeds wet washing with water , and then layered soil mixing with drugs , to make each and peanut seeds are evenly coated with drugs soil, soil mixed with drugs immediately after planting.
Second, the liquid seed dressing : with 50% carbendazim WP , per 50 kilograms of peanut seeds with medicine 0.15-0.25 kg , add water 2 kg dubbed liquid,backpack weed sprayers spray with a sprayer peanut seeds respectively , so that each piece peanut seeds are evenly coated with liquid, dry immediately after planting.
Third, the soaking liquid : with 50 % carbendazim WP per 50 kg seeds with medicine 0.15-0.25 kg , add water to 30 kg dubbed liquid, soak peanut seeds 50 kg , cold soak for 24 hours, turning two middle -3 times , can be planted after soaking .
The prevention of the above methods stem rot , blight, root rot results are above 90%, dressing and soaking no significant difference in the effect of disease prevention , but considering the dressing method is simple, or as seed for the good . Pharmaceutical treatment of peanut leaves dark green , robust growth , with an average increase of about 30%, some 50% of production , or even more than doubled, also at least about 10% yield , pod increased 10-20 % , with the increase of the number of drug the amount of the increase , but the amount of medication ( active ingredient ) than 1% of the seed phytotoxicity , emergence effect .
Although peanut seeds treated with carbendazim significantly increase yield and disease prevention , but this did not wilt agents on disease prevention effects of peanut . No use of carbendazim on the incidence of peanut seeds treated plots , if necessary, can also be hand held sprayer sprayed with a 1000 -fold in the seedling stage liquid, preventing effect is also more than 90 percent , an increase of 10% or more, with 500 times the liquid IRRIGATING there certain effects.
2013年9月25日星期三
Reduce losses should not be spared the daily vehicle inspection
As the car fire was caused mostly by electrical short circuit caused , experts say , whether it is a new car or a used car , the car mainly pay attention condition , careful observation . Once the crisis is now parking stall for self-help . Of course, even the owner of the car ignition prevention "Kung Fu" spent peacetime .
Daily vehicle inspection should not be spared . Make routine inspections of motor vehicles , to prevent electrical circuit malfunction or poor contact , as well as oil spills, leaks and other phenomena , is fundamentally prevent car fires simplest and most effective means. If you do not have a certain knowledge of the electrical and oil , according to the condition should be inspected regularly to the repair shop . In addition , there are rubber paste and abnormal smell or smoke is not the effect even more .
Inflammable and explosive materials are not being prosecuted . Everyday life lighters, perfume, mousse , etc. constitute a dangerous goods vehicle fires . Disposable lighters rough production process , under the sun exposure may be as high local temperatures inside above 50 ℃ , it may cause an explosion fire lighters ; while pesticides, upholstery cleaners , Bo Youqing lotion fruit tree sprayerequally full of flammable gases , it may explode when heated .
Fire extinguisher essential. Many people in the car without the required also equipped with fire extinguishers or with occasional replacement , but most people prefer not used fire extinguishers , which are left for the opportunity to take advantage of the fire , is not feasible. Friends should be familiar with each driver use a fire extinguisher , in order to avoid accidents helpless. According to the reporter , the general car will comes with a bottle of 0.5-0.7 liters of fire extinguishers, but this effect is not obvious spontaneous combustion fire extinguishers to fight the blaze . Fire department reminded the volume of fire extinguishers preferably more than 1 liter , would be difficult to Fight larger fire .
Owners best insurance spontaneous combustion risk . Experts suggest , the age of 4 years of automobile insurance should be considered spontaneous combustion risk , because with the age of the vehicle increases, the aging line for automotive ignition potential problems. Reporters from the Pacific and Ping An Insurance Insurance branch in Jinan , household sprayer Jinan Branch learned that, despite these two insurance company 's customer service center also recently received a number of cases reported in spontaneous combustion risk applications , but almost did not happen claims . Because the owners of these spontaneous spontaneous combustion risk insurance and uninsured .
Daily vehicle inspection should not be spared . Make routine inspections of motor vehicles , to prevent electrical circuit malfunction or poor contact , as well as oil spills, leaks and other phenomena , is fundamentally prevent car fires simplest and most effective means. If you do not have a certain knowledge of the electrical and oil , according to the condition should be inspected regularly to the repair shop . In addition , there are rubber paste and abnormal smell or smoke is not the effect even more .
Inflammable and explosive materials are not being prosecuted . Everyday life lighters, perfume, mousse , etc. constitute a dangerous goods vehicle fires . Disposable lighters rough production process , under the sun exposure may be as high local temperatures inside above 50 ℃ , it may cause an explosion fire lighters ; while pesticides, upholstery cleaners , Bo Youqing lotion fruit tree sprayerequally full of flammable gases , it may explode when heated .
Fire extinguisher essential. Many people in the car without the required also equipped with fire extinguishers or with occasional replacement , but most people prefer not used fire extinguishers , which are left for the opportunity to take advantage of the fire , is not feasible. Friends should be familiar with each driver use a fire extinguisher , in order to avoid accidents helpless. According to the reporter , the general car will comes with a bottle of 0.5-0.7 liters of fire extinguishers, but this effect is not obvious spontaneous combustion fire extinguishers to fight the blaze . Fire department reminded the volume of fire extinguishers preferably more than 1 liter , would be difficult to Fight larger fire .
Owners best insurance spontaneous combustion risk . Experts suggest , the age of 4 years of automobile insurance should be considered spontaneous combustion risk , because with the age of the vehicle increases, the aging line for automotive ignition potential problems. Reporters from the Pacific and Ping An Insurance Insurance branch in Jinan , household sprayer Jinan Branch learned that, despite these two insurance company 's customer service center also recently received a number of cases reported in spontaneous combustion risk applications , but almost did not happen claims . Because the owners of these spontaneous spontaneous combustion risk insurance and uninsured .
Use of these pesticides
Smog laws. Oil solution of the pesticide dispersion state of a method of application of smoke . Smoke France must take advantage of special equipment to put oily smoke pesticide dispersed state . Smoke generally refers to the diameter of 0.1 to 10 micron particles in the air dispersion. Solid particles are known as smoke, fog liquid called . Droplets of liquid smoke is left after evaporation of the solvent a solid prills . As the smoke particles is small, suspended in the air a long time, deposition distribution, control efficiency higher than the general law and dusting garden pressure sprayers spray method .
Shi Rafah . Throw granular pesticide application methods . Coarse particles of granules , the applicator has little effect by the air , ground and essentially does not occur easily drift , especially for the ground , paddy fields and soil treatment . Withdraw facilities using a variety of methods, such as hand throw ( toxic agents ) , manually operated Caesar granulator throw , throw motorized Sarah machine , soil Shi granulator spraying and so on.
Wipe application methods . This is the use of pesticides in recent years the emergence of new use of technology, in terms herbicides have been large scale applications . The specific method of application , is a group of short , composed of bare nylon rope , the rope end is connected with the herbicide solution , the capillary and gravity flow of liquid into the drug rope , when the spraying machine through the spread of weeds field , the absorption of the drug ropes higher herbicide weed growth can wipe the top , but not to rub the crops grow shorter . Wipe herbicide hand sprayer spraying method used for dosing , significantly lower than normal sprays . Because almost all pharmaceutical facilities on the weeds , had this application methods crops from injury, nor droplet drift , control costs and save .
Shi Rafah . Throw granular pesticide application methods . Coarse particles of granules , the applicator has little effect by the air , ground and essentially does not occur easily drift , especially for the ground , paddy fields and soil treatment . Withdraw facilities using a variety of methods, such as hand throw ( toxic agents ) , manually operated Caesar granulator throw , throw motorized Sarah machine , soil Shi granulator spraying and so on.
Wipe application methods . This is the use of pesticides in recent years the emergence of new use of technology, in terms herbicides have been large scale applications . The specific method of application , is a group of short , composed of bare nylon rope , the rope end is connected with the herbicide solution , the capillary and gravity flow of liquid into the drug rope , when the spraying machine through the spread of weeds field , the absorption of the drug ropes higher herbicide weed growth can wipe the top , but not to rub the crops grow shorter . Wipe herbicide hand sprayer spraying method used for dosing , significantly lower than normal sprays . Because almost all pharmaceutical facilities on the weeds , had this application methods crops from injury, nor droplet drift , control costs and save .
2013年9月24日星期二
Plant protection equipment behind pesticide waste Qi Cheng
First, the low level of mechanization . It is understood that the province plant protection machinery social ownership of more than 340 million units , of which there are 3.3 million manual sprayers , accounting for more than 95% , motor and stretcher sprayer social ownership 160,000 units, accounting for about 4.6% , far below the the national average. According to incomplete statistics , at present the province's crop pest control area of more than 70% is done by hand sprayer . What is more , many farmers in the use of water pumps spraying this very rudimentary tools .
Second, plant protection models behind. Currently , the province is mainly used sprayers workers and peasants -16 , WFB- type and peasants -36 type sprayers , fifties and sixties of the last century stereotypes ,back pack sprayers spraying poor performance, single component spray , many products of poor quality, "run , run, drip, drain "phenomenon seriously . And developed advanced anti- drift spray , circular spray , automatic spray machines and other plant protection machinery target , compared with four or five decades gap.
Third, application techniques behind. Since the last century since the 1950s , the international application techniques continue to improve and perfect. A large number of low-volume applications , ultra-low volume , controlled droplet spray , anti- drift spray range of new technologies to improve the efficiency and utilization of pesticides sprayed to reduce pesticide pollution of the environment . The province is basically follow large capacity , rain -style , full coverage spray method , not science .
Less than 30% utilization of pesticides in our province , 70% of applied pesticides drift into the air or into the soil , resulting in a large number of pesticide waste and pollution of the environment , prone to excessive pesticide residues in agricultural and crop injury , but also affects the control effect of pesticides .
Second, plant protection models behind. Currently , the province is mainly used sprayers workers and peasants -16 , WFB- type and peasants -36 type sprayers , fifties and sixties of the last century stereotypes ,back pack sprayers spraying poor performance, single component spray , many products of poor quality, "run , run, drip, drain "phenomenon seriously . And developed advanced anti- drift spray , circular spray , automatic spray machines and other plant protection machinery target , compared with four or five decades gap.
Third, application techniques behind. Since the last century since the 1950s , the international application techniques continue to improve and perfect. A large number of low-volume applications , ultra-low volume , controlled droplet spray , anti- drift spray range of new technologies to improve the efficiency and utilization of pesticides sprayed to reduce pesticide pollution of the environment . The province is basically follow large capacity , rain -style , full coverage spray method , not science .
Less than 30% utilization of pesticides in our province , 70% of applied pesticides drift into the air or into the soil , resulting in a large number of pesticide waste and pollution of the environment , prone to excessive pesticide residues in agricultural and crop injury , but also affects the control effect of pesticides .
Around the pear tree fertilization
Amount of phosphorus and potassium are also applying P and K requirements were larger pear nutrients , each producing 100 kg fruit absorbs about 0.1 to 0.25 kg of phosphorus pentoxide , 0.4 to 0.6 kg of potassium hydroxide . Pear on the results of tests done showed that P and K fertilizer nitrogen is higher than the single rate of 50% to 85%. P and K application can not only improve the pear production , but also to promote root growth , increased leaf photosynthetic products to the stems, roots, fruits and other parts of Collaborative Transportation , while phosphate has a very significant role in inducing root , will moderate phosphate deep application can promote deep roots to the soil stretching, can significantly improve the drought resistance of fruit trees , to reduce the incidence of disease .
Pear in the soil with phosphorus and potassium content is high , increasing phosphorus, potassium , often without fertilizer , only pay attention to nitrogen and phosphorus, potash fertilizer application in order to achieve better results.
Rational application of boron, zinc , iron and other trace elements boron fertilizer can significantly reduce the occurrence of pear fruit shrink disease , improve fruit set and reduce pulp cork zone formation. Boron and boron to potential mild pear , flowering can spraying a concentration of 0.3 % ~ 0.4% borax solution . Serious soil boron with germinating fruit per plant soil application before 100 to 250 grams of borax , valid for up to 3 to 5 years and, once again in full bloom spraying concentration of 0.3% to 0.4 % borax solution , the effect better .
Applying zinc fertilizer on correcting pear leaf spot and leaf disease effect is very significant , generally diseased branches recovery rate of 90 % or more, can improve the rate of pear fruit , pome fruit production increased , and can increase the nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves the levels of calcium . Spraying more effective method is to use 0.2% zinc sulfate and 0.3% to 0.5 % urea mixture promptly after the onset of fruit tree sprayer spraying , but also in the spring 3 weeks after spraying falling pear , or a 6 % before germination 8% aqueous solution of zinc sulphate spraying can play a preventive role. Soil application of zinc sulphate less effective application of Zn chelate and attitude is better, but the cost is high, generally more cost-effective primary prevention is still spraying . A large number of organic fertilizer to some extent, reduce zinc deficiency may play a role .
For the pear yellow chlorosis to treatment , the most commonly used method is better are: soil application , the use of "local rich iron law ," the upcoming ferrous sulfate and cake ( cake, peanut cake , cottonseed cake ) and ammonium sulfate at a weight ratio of 1:4:1 , basal concentration in fruit bud before applying the thin roots more layers , according to the fruit size and the degree of yellowing , fruit per plant control the amount of application 3 ~ 10 kg . Foliar spraying directly the effect of ferrous sulfate is generally poor , the application of fulvic acid iron sprayed with a mixture of urea treatment etiolated better, but of short duration ; also be applied by 0.3% ferrous sulfate , urea 0.5 % in fruit growing season garden hand sprayers spraying once a week . For local conditions , can also use a strong trunk injection machine xylem ferrous sulfate injection , although the effect is better, fertilizer and rarely , typically only about 1% of soil application , but the method is only suitable for adult fruit , injection dose range is narrow, easily administered improperly influence the normal growth of pear trees .
Pear in the soil with phosphorus and potassium content is high , increasing phosphorus, potassium , often without fertilizer , only pay attention to nitrogen and phosphorus, potash fertilizer application in order to achieve better results.
Rational application of boron, zinc , iron and other trace elements boron fertilizer can significantly reduce the occurrence of pear fruit shrink disease , improve fruit set and reduce pulp cork zone formation. Boron and boron to potential mild pear , flowering can spraying a concentration of 0.3 % ~ 0.4% borax solution . Serious soil boron with germinating fruit per plant soil application before 100 to 250 grams of borax , valid for up to 3 to 5 years and, once again in full bloom spraying concentration of 0.3% to 0.4 % borax solution , the effect better .
Applying zinc fertilizer on correcting pear leaf spot and leaf disease effect is very significant , generally diseased branches recovery rate of 90 % or more, can improve the rate of pear fruit , pome fruit production increased , and can increase the nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves the levels of calcium . Spraying more effective method is to use 0.2% zinc sulfate and 0.3% to 0.5 % urea mixture promptly after the onset of fruit tree sprayer spraying , but also in the spring 3 weeks after spraying falling pear , or a 6 % before germination 8% aqueous solution of zinc sulphate spraying can play a preventive role. Soil application of zinc sulphate less effective application of Zn chelate and attitude is better, but the cost is high, generally more cost-effective primary prevention is still spraying . A large number of organic fertilizer to some extent, reduce zinc deficiency may play a role .
For the pear yellow chlorosis to treatment , the most commonly used method is better are: soil application , the use of "local rich iron law ," the upcoming ferrous sulfate and cake ( cake, peanut cake , cottonseed cake ) and ammonium sulfate at a weight ratio of 1:4:1 , basal concentration in fruit bud before applying the thin roots more layers , according to the fruit size and the degree of yellowing , fruit per plant control the amount of application 3 ~ 10 kg . Foliar spraying directly the effect of ferrous sulfate is generally poor , the application of fulvic acid iron sprayed with a mixture of urea treatment etiolated better, but of short duration ; also be applied by 0.3% ferrous sulfate , urea 0.5 % in fruit growing season garden hand sprayers spraying once a week . For local conditions , can also use a strong trunk injection machine xylem ferrous sulfate injection , although the effect is better, fertilizer and rarely , typically only about 1% of soil application , but the method is only suitable for adult fruit , injection dose range is narrow, easily administered improperly influence the normal growth of pear trees .
Precautions formulated pesticides
Jiyong formulated pesticides because running water running water impurities , with its easy to plug the sprayer dispensing nozzle, while also undermine the suspension of liquid precipitation .
Hanged pesticide preparation as well water well water contains minerals more, especially calcium , magnesium and more, these minerals mixed with liquid and reduce the efficacy prone to precipitation .
Avoid any increase of the water because of too much water will reduce the concentration of pesticides , so that the reduced efficacy or even completely ineffective. In addition , excess water will result in the loss of pesticides and environmental pollution .
Bogey in the rain spraying windy days or when the sun will make the powder or liquid pesticide drift , pesticide garden sprayers spraying and rain erosion and reduce drug efficacy susceptible to rain , spraying in the hot sun , plant metabolism, stomatal opening , prone to injury and easy to make efficacy volatile , lower control effect. Optimum application time is 8-11 am , 3-6 pm .
Also note : when you mix several pesticides , not every kind of medicine plus all add water once , but with a variety of drugs are used to calculate the concentration of water . Such as the preparation of urea and 500 times 1000 times thiophanate-methyl , is to use two copies of thiophanate-methyl urea plus 1 plus 1000 parts water. Should be watered with the mother liquor , the first with a small amount of warm water to melt the liquid ,fruit tree sprayer add water to the desired concentration in order to fully dissolve , increasing suspension, improve efficacy and prevent injury.
Hanged pesticide preparation as well water well water contains minerals more, especially calcium , magnesium and more, these minerals mixed with liquid and reduce the efficacy prone to precipitation .
Avoid any increase of the water because of too much water will reduce the concentration of pesticides , so that the reduced efficacy or even completely ineffective. In addition , excess water will result in the loss of pesticides and environmental pollution .
Bogey in the rain spraying windy days or when the sun will make the powder or liquid pesticide drift , pesticide garden sprayers spraying and rain erosion and reduce drug efficacy susceptible to rain , spraying in the hot sun , plant metabolism, stomatal opening , prone to injury and easy to make efficacy volatile , lower control effect. Optimum application time is 8-11 am , 3-6 pm .
Also note : when you mix several pesticides , not every kind of medicine plus all add water once , but with a variety of drugs are used to calculate the concentration of water . Such as the preparation of urea and 500 times 1000 times thiophanate-methyl , is to use two copies of thiophanate-methyl urea plus 1 plus 1000 parts water. Should be watered with the mother liquor , the first with a small amount of warm water to melt the liquid ,fruit tree sprayer add water to the desired concentration in order to fully dissolve , increasing suspension, improve efficacy and prevent injury.
2013年9月21日星期六
Rational use of pesticides also need to do this
Safety interval : the last application to harvest the number of days . If the vegetables used must wait to achieve the required number of days of pesticide products can be broken down .
Note : The main characteristics of the agent , hand sprayer a reminder that during storage , transport and use should pay attention to. At the same time , attention should be proper handling of pesticide packaging .
Scientific use of pesticides application aids. Already contains a certain pesticide formulations surface active agents , but the control objects, with different stages , processing different quality , different choice of water , in order to improve the wetting liquid spreader spray performance and increase efficacy , often need to add some application aids.
Scientific evaluation of the control effect . Insecticide and acaricide efficacy of performance at different times can be divided into two types of fast-acting and holding effect , in particular, garden water sprayer an insect growth regulator type , the efficacy of play slow ; fungicides against the principle can be divided according to Prevention within the suction treatment and protection are two, for the purpose of protecting agent is prevention , after the onset of therapeutic agents can be targeted therapies ; herbicide efficacy of different treatment time divided by pre-emergence and leaf handle both . For this reason, in the evaluation of efficacy should be based on their characteristics , choose a different evaluation . These need to be done
Note : The main characteristics of the agent , hand sprayer a reminder that during storage , transport and use should pay attention to. At the same time , attention should be proper handling of pesticide packaging .
Scientific use of pesticides application aids. Already contains a certain pesticide formulations surface active agents , but the control objects, with different stages , processing different quality , different choice of water , in order to improve the wetting liquid spreader spray performance and increase efficacy , often need to add some application aids.
Scientific evaluation of the control effect . Insecticide and acaricide efficacy of performance at different times can be divided into two types of fast-acting and holding effect , in particular, garden water sprayer an insect growth regulator type , the efficacy of play slow ; fungicides against the principle can be divided according to Prevention within the suction treatment and protection are two, for the purpose of protecting agent is prevention , after the onset of therapeutic agents can be targeted therapies ; herbicide efficacy of different treatment time divided by pre-emergence and leaf handle both . For this reason, in the evaluation of efficacy should be based on their characteristics , choose a different evaluation . These need to be done
Rice herbicide injury prevention
In the rice growth process, timely weed killer sprayer spraying Brassinolide regulate , enhance plant resistance to diseases, to reduce the incidence of disease . Brassica cable lactone has a strong physiological activity , which can activate the physiological activity of rice to improve rice photosynthesis, enhanced rice stress tolerance, disease resistance , and promote rice growth , and can effectively prevent sheath blight , rice blast and other diseases place.
Rice injury prevention , in addition to the insect pest forecasting based on plant protection departments to choose the appropriate pesticide conditions , and in accordance with the full requirements of the specification suitable period for evenly spraying water outside , backpack weed sprayers spraying can be added while Brassinolide together spraying. The test showed that Brassinolide with some neutral weak acid insecticidal, fungicidal and other drugs used in combination f Queensland , has obvious synergies. In the case of the same dosage , mixed together with spraying Brassinolide more significant control effect , can effectively avoid excessive pesticide phytotoxicity on crops .
Rice injury prevention , in addition to the insect pest forecasting based on plant protection departments to choose the appropriate pesticide conditions , and in accordance with the full requirements of the specification suitable period for evenly spraying water outside , backpack weed sprayers spraying can be added while Brassinolide together spraying. The test showed that Brassinolide with some neutral weak acid insecticidal, fungicidal and other drugs used in combination f Queensland , has obvious synergies. In the case of the same dosage , mixed together with spraying Brassinolide more significant control effect , can effectively avoid excessive pesticide phytotoxicity on crops .
Herbicide injury diagnosis
Due to steep rice roots, nutrient deficiency or pest , and sometimes there will be similar with herbicide injury symptoms , but through research and analysis , you can still determine whether they are herbicide injury .
From the amount of pesticide low pressure sprayer spraying periods and judgment
If application time after transplanting of rice l ~ 2d, rice case sensitive , sometimes injury. Administered high doses of individual pesticide products are also prone to injury.
Check fertilizer, soil conditions
Irrigation after the drug is too deep ( immersion growing point ) , easy to produce injury . Check whether due to improper fertilization , or administration no decomposition of organic manure, green manure or straw waterlogged field caused by improper growth of plants adverse symptoms appear .
Check pests
Rice thrips and rice food rootworm hazards rice plants will grow shorter , small clusters , tip section tubular roll becomes brown, fibrous roots short . Ordinary rice dwarf virus symptoms are mainly yellow leaves and withered volumes, dwarf plants , began to fade from the top tip , plaques appear broken , but the veins remain green , leaf green and yellow stripes often has the obvious .
Look around fruit tree sprayer spraying seedlings growing
After the normal green rice transplanting ( Li Miao ) , after application such as abnormal symptoms, and adjacent seedling quality with the same species of other plots seedlings grew normally , this may be caused by injury .
From the amount of pesticide low pressure sprayer spraying periods and judgment
If application time after transplanting of rice l ~ 2d, rice case sensitive , sometimes injury. Administered high doses of individual pesticide products are also prone to injury.
Check fertilizer, soil conditions
Irrigation after the drug is too deep ( immersion growing point ) , easy to produce injury . Check whether due to improper fertilization , or administration no decomposition of organic manure, green manure or straw waterlogged field caused by improper growth of plants adverse symptoms appear .
Check pests
Rice thrips and rice food rootworm hazards rice plants will grow shorter , small clusters , tip section tubular roll becomes brown, fibrous roots short . Ordinary rice dwarf virus symptoms are mainly yellow leaves and withered volumes, dwarf plants , began to fade from the top tip , plaques appear broken , but the veins remain green , leaf green and yellow stripes often has the obvious .
Look around fruit tree sprayer spraying seedlings growing
After the normal green rice transplanting ( Li Miao ) , after application such as abnormal symptoms, and adjacent seedling quality with the same species of other plots seedlings grew normally , this may be caused by injury .
2013年9月17日星期二
Suggestions to improve the pesticide market
For the current pesticide market several major problems, I propose the following recommendations to improve the domestic pesticide usage.
1. Pesticide safety training efforts to increase scientific, training dealers and farmers awareness of safe medication. The grassroots agricultural workers, dealers and farmers for safe and rational use of pesticides knowledge and technology information and training, the formation of a scientific and rational use of pesticides conscious atmosphere. Meanwhile, for the occurrence and control of pests of different crops during the timely organization of scientific and technological personnel to go to the grassroots and providing technical guidance to carry out pollution prevention technology training to enable farmers not only master the techniques of scientific medicine,sprayer but also fully aware of the ecological environment and pesticide contamination harm the health of people.
2. The establishment of safe use of pesticides demonstration fields, visually guide the farmers medication safety. In the demonstration venue, in strict accordance with technical regulations, timely and rational use of pesticides, with minimal dose for maximum control effect, so not only cost effective, but also protect the ecology.
3. Introduction of testing new pesticides, and actively promote the new pesticides. Strengthen the new pesticide testing, demonstration and promotion, screening efficiency, low toxicity, low-residue pesticides, bio-pesticides, to replace the highly toxic, high residue pesticides. Expand insecticidal lamps, sex attractant agent physical, biological technology area, and actively carry out ecological controlling pests and biological control techniques popularized.
4. To promote the introduction of new Equipments, improve the utilization of pesticides. Spraying machine must accelerate the upgrading of application techniques while actively making improvements, changing the traditional high-volume, low-capacity large weed sprayer spray droplets and fine droplet spray. Establishment of specialized defense team, promote motorized sprayer, improve control and reduce pesticide waste and pollution.
5 Strengthening pesticide residue monitoring, production of pollution-free agricultural products. Pesticide residue monitoring job is to protect people's health needs, is to improve the competitiveness of agricultural exports needs, but also the sustainable development of China's agricultural needs. Look perfect as soon as possible pesticide residue testing equipment, staffing, will monitor pesticide residues as a key task.
6. Strengthen market management of pesticides. Pesticide management departments should strengthen law enforcement efforts to rectify the pesticide market, and resolutely fight against counterfeit pesticides, pesticide labels failed to purify pesticide marketing channels for the safe use of farmland to create a favorable market environment. Punished for violations, improve pesticide production, management, legal awareness of users, crack down on illegal production, management, use of pesticides behavior, to prevent illegal pesticide production, management and use, as to create conditions for the safe and rational use of pesticides.
1. Pesticide safety training efforts to increase scientific, training dealers and farmers awareness of safe medication. The grassroots agricultural workers, dealers and farmers for safe and rational use of pesticides knowledge and technology information and training, the formation of a scientific and rational use of pesticides conscious atmosphere. Meanwhile, for the occurrence and control of pests of different crops during the timely organization of scientific and technological personnel to go to the grassroots and providing technical guidance to carry out pollution prevention technology training to enable farmers not only master the techniques of scientific medicine,sprayer but also fully aware of the ecological environment and pesticide contamination harm the health of people.
2. The establishment of safe use of pesticides demonstration fields, visually guide the farmers medication safety. In the demonstration venue, in strict accordance with technical regulations, timely and rational use of pesticides, with minimal dose for maximum control effect, so not only cost effective, but also protect the ecology.
3. Introduction of testing new pesticides, and actively promote the new pesticides. Strengthen the new pesticide testing, demonstration and promotion, screening efficiency, low toxicity, low-residue pesticides, bio-pesticides, to replace the highly toxic, high residue pesticides. Expand insecticidal lamps, sex attractant agent physical, biological technology area, and actively carry out ecological controlling pests and biological control techniques popularized.
4. To promote the introduction of new Equipments, improve the utilization of pesticides. Spraying machine must accelerate the upgrading of application techniques while actively making improvements, changing the traditional high-volume, low-capacity large weed sprayer spray droplets and fine droplet spray. Establishment of specialized defense team, promote motorized sprayer, improve control and reduce pesticide waste and pollution.
5 Strengthening pesticide residue monitoring, production of pollution-free agricultural products. Pesticide residue monitoring job is to protect people's health needs, is to improve the competitiveness of agricultural exports needs, but also the sustainable development of China's agricultural needs. Look perfect as soon as possible pesticide residue testing equipment, staffing, will monitor pesticide residues as a key task.
6. Strengthen market management of pesticides. Pesticide management departments should strengthen law enforcement efforts to rectify the pesticide market, and resolutely fight against counterfeit pesticides, pesticide labels failed to purify pesticide marketing channels for the safe use of farmland to create a favorable market environment. Punished for violations, improve pesticide production, management, legal awareness of users, crack down on illegal production, management, use of pesticides behavior, to prevent illegal pesticide production, management and use, as to create conditions for the safe and rational use of pesticides.
Remove stagnant water flower seedlings against pests
Flowers to resume production after the disaster, the following points should take timely measures:
After the storm, the timely removal of pots, planting ground water, avoid prolonged flooding lead to suffocation, yellow leaves, ethylene production, leaf wilt appear carved, falling and so on. Flooded the park can dig drainage ditches or machinery. The park blocks on poor drainage should be dug in the garden outside several storage pits, portable power sprayer will pit water discharge. Flat on the waterlogged depressions parks, fields should be cultivated itself into a permanent bar or table fields.
Floods, soil compaction due to prolonged water and the soil organisms, organic matter, etc., due to anaerobic respiration and fermentation, there lees flavor, it would seriously affect root growth. Should be promptly removed weeds, and 1-2 times plowing (plowing depth should not be too deep, usually 15-20cm appropriate), to release excess moisture in soil, improve soil aeration prevents root suffocation.
Prolonged flooding, soil moisture is too large, easily lead to the occurrence of disease stems and roots, so the post-disaster pest control is particularly important. Such as disaster prone to downy mildew, gray mold, rot, disease, etc., should be strengthened in order to avoid the spread of disease prevention and control. Especially in the facility after breaking soil fertility in different environments, more prone to sunburn, blight, black spot disease, such as anthrax. Should be taken to branches painted white (to prevent sunburn and other stem diseases infection), trigger sprayer sprayed protective agents, such as foliar spray once thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, so as to ensure that branches and leaves intact, and promote photosynthesis.
After the storm, the timely removal of pots, planting ground water, avoid prolonged flooding lead to suffocation, yellow leaves, ethylene production, leaf wilt appear carved, falling and so on. Flooded the park can dig drainage ditches or machinery. The park blocks on poor drainage should be dug in the garden outside several storage pits, portable power sprayer will pit water discharge. Flat on the waterlogged depressions parks, fields should be cultivated itself into a permanent bar or table fields.
Floods, soil compaction due to prolonged water and the soil organisms, organic matter, etc., due to anaerobic respiration and fermentation, there lees flavor, it would seriously affect root growth. Should be promptly removed weeds, and 1-2 times plowing (plowing depth should not be too deep, usually 15-20cm appropriate), to release excess moisture in soil, improve soil aeration prevents root suffocation.
Prolonged flooding, soil moisture is too large, easily lead to the occurrence of disease stems and roots, so the post-disaster pest control is particularly important. Such as disaster prone to downy mildew, gray mold, rot, disease, etc., should be strengthened in order to avoid the spread of disease prevention and control. Especially in the facility after breaking soil fertility in different environments, more prone to sunburn, blight, black spot disease, such as anthrax. Should be taken to branches painted white (to prevent sunburn and other stem diseases infection), trigger sprayer sprayed protective agents, such as foliar spray once thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, so as to ensure that branches and leaves intact, and promote photosynthesis.
Vegetable pests spraying techniques
Wide variety of vegetable pests, but can be summarized as suck juices, fresh leafy and boring classes three categories. Each type of pest habits are not the same. According to their character and individuality as well as the growth characteristics of the host, targeted spraying control, make direct contact with the parasite agents, achieve better control effect.
1, spraying techniques and pest infestation habits and living habits are closely related to aphids suck juices and some leaf-eating pests concentrated in the dorsal and twigs parasitic infestation, it should be a "little circle" approach to spraying, namely spray nozzles garden sprayers spray plant leaves bear the first lap, and then spray it buckle in the tender head, thus making contact with all pharmaceutical plants and parasites, to receive better control effect. Spodoptera exigua, beet armyworm larvae daytime hiding old phenomenon, so the growing season spraying control such pests, preferably in the evening. Borer pests cabbage webworm spraying time must be at the peak of hatching.
2, spraying technology but also with the growth characteristics of the host is closely related to the summer cowpea flowering time around in the morning 7:30-10:30, after all this time its petals closed. Cowpea early instar larvae borer infestation dispersed or concentrated, tree sprayer spraying at 9:00 in front as well, so that we can make more fully exposed to the parasite agents, or missed opportunities. Kale leaves covered with a layer of wax, with a biological insecticide Bt Pieris rapae, often adding 0.1% in liquid detergent, the purpose is to reduce the surface tension of the liquid evenly distributed in the leaves, improve control effect.
1, spraying techniques and pest infestation habits and living habits are closely related to aphids suck juices and some leaf-eating pests concentrated in the dorsal and twigs parasitic infestation, it should be a "little circle" approach to spraying, namely spray nozzles garden sprayers spray plant leaves bear the first lap, and then spray it buckle in the tender head, thus making contact with all pharmaceutical plants and parasites, to receive better control effect. Spodoptera exigua, beet armyworm larvae daytime hiding old phenomenon, so the growing season spraying control such pests, preferably in the evening. Borer pests cabbage webworm spraying time must be at the peak of hatching.
2, spraying technology but also with the growth characteristics of the host is closely related to the summer cowpea flowering time around in the morning 7:30-10:30, after all this time its petals closed. Cowpea early instar larvae borer infestation dispersed or concentrated, tree sprayer spraying at 9:00 in front as well, so that we can make more fully exposed to the parasite agents, or missed opportunities. Kale leaves covered with a layer of wax, with a biological insecticide Bt Pieris rapae, often adding 0.1% in liquid detergent, the purpose is to reduce the surface tension of the liquid evenly distributed in the leaves, improve control effect.
2013年9月13日星期五
Paraquat and fine grasses g can not be ignored
Paraquat is a herbicide quick Destuctive tag , can be used in no-till corn or late adult weeding weeds . Wheat harvest , without plowing , direct sowing corn per acre with 15% pre-emergence agent
265 ~ 400 ml, watered 20-30 kg back pack sprayer spray. Do not let 24 hours after spraying spraying livestock into the area . People wrongly poisoning should immediately induce vomiting and sent to hospital for treatment .
Quizalofop ( fine grasses g )
( A ) the cause of the injury . Stem and leaf processing corn Quizalofop sensitive , mistakenly applied or adjacent land spraying, spray drift to corn plants will produce injury.
( Two ) phytotoxicity symptoms. With herbicides stems, leaves processed , beginning chlorotic leaf base from the heart , leaves appear water-soaked spots, yellow purple and gradually dry up . Base necrosis , gently pull that one off from the leaf base , broken occurring after soaked brown . Seedlings dead about two weeks .
( Three ) injury prevention and mitigation measures . Quizalofop not be used for corn . Neighboring land administered Quizalofop should allow enough distance isolation belt, pay attention to wind direction and speed when spraying , to prevent the liquid float moves cornfield. Once water pressure sprayer spraying serious and should be promptly replant.
265 ~ 400 ml, watered 20-30 kg back pack sprayer spray. Do not let 24 hours after spraying spraying livestock into the area . People wrongly poisoning should immediately induce vomiting and sent to hospital for treatment .
Quizalofop ( fine grasses g )
( A ) the cause of the injury . Stem and leaf processing corn Quizalofop sensitive , mistakenly applied or adjacent land spraying, spray drift to corn plants will produce injury.
( Two ) phytotoxicity symptoms. With herbicides stems, leaves processed , beginning chlorotic leaf base from the heart , leaves appear water-soaked spots, yellow purple and gradually dry up . Base necrosis , gently pull that one off from the leaf base , broken occurring after soaked brown . Seedlings dead about two weeks .
( Three ) injury prevention and mitigation measures . Quizalofop not be used for corn . Neighboring land administered Quizalofop should allow enough distance isolation belt, pay attention to wind direction and speed when spraying , to prevent the liquid float moves cornfield. Once water pressure sprayer spraying serious and should be promptly replant.
Rice pesticide use but also can be to
Dressing method .
Dressing method is the pharmaceutical and seed evenly mixed together , so that the seed surface covered with a layer of powder or emulsion , for the control of soil pests , insects and seed-borne diseases seedling method of application . This method is suitable for dusts, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates , liquid dosage forms , with high efficiency, good control effect , no effect on the natural enemies , without water restrictions, etc. . In powder dressing , can be placed on pesticides and seed dressing , or other apparatus within the uniform mixing . With wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates or aqueous dressing should press with a good proportion of dilution liquid, then spray the liquid spray to the seed , while spraying edge mix . After dressing , preferably 2 to 3 days pile boring , so that agents are sufficiently adsorbed seeds , pesticides due performance in order to play .
Dipping method .
Dipping method is to pesticides diluted with water , put the seeds or seedlings soaked in liquid , that the seed and seedling absorption and adhesion some agents, for the control of pests and diseases , and promote seedling root bud development . This method is suitable for cream, liquid, wettable powder formulations , with flower workers less seedling effect, with less pesticides and other advantages.
Bait method .
Bait method is to use bait ( various grains , bran, sugar , potatoes, cooking oil residue , etc. ) and their counterparts with stomach toxicity pesticide mixing bait , scattered in the fields, for the control of soil pests , rodents application methods .
This method is suitable for dusts, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates , liquid dosage forms . When in use, should be selected palatable food prepared fresh bait , and according to the feeding habits of insects and rodents , on a sunny day early in the morning or evening Bait . Adding crop seedling baits usually in the evenings or rain , fruit tree sprayer the effect is better.
Fumigation .
Fumigation method is the use of fumigants or easily volatile agents produced a sterilizing gas to insecticide spraying method . This method is suitable for warehouses, greenhouses , soil or crop lush place , with anti -efficient, fast-acting , etc., but the operation is technically demanding, spraying conditions are more stringent . Fumigation in the warehouse , to ensure a good seal , should be adequately ventilated after fumigation , the gas escapes . Soil fumigation , the effect can be closed with water , i.e. in the treated soil surface layer of water spray , can delay the fumigant to escape. Between the lines in the crop fumigation , should choose dense crops and appropriate temperature conditions , a sunny day .
Fumigation method .
Fumigation method is to smoke or ignite fuming fuming original drug to direct heat application methods of pest control . This method is suitable for use in a closed environment ( such as warehouses ,manual sprayer greenhouses ) or canopy high places, such as the growth of field crops later use . Pharmaceutical form of smoke gas diffusion have better penetration and proper settlement of space to stay longer, but not overly floating drift , so as to achieve good results.
Dressing method is the pharmaceutical and seed evenly mixed together , so that the seed surface covered with a layer of powder or emulsion , for the control of soil pests , insects and seed-borne diseases seedling method of application . This method is suitable for dusts, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates , liquid dosage forms , with high efficiency, good control effect , no effect on the natural enemies , without water restrictions, etc. . In powder dressing , can be placed on pesticides and seed dressing , or other apparatus within the uniform mixing . With wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates or aqueous dressing should press with a good proportion of dilution liquid, then spray the liquid spray to the seed , while spraying edge mix . After dressing , preferably 2 to 3 days pile boring , so that agents are sufficiently adsorbed seeds , pesticides due performance in order to play .
Dipping method .
Dipping method is to pesticides diluted with water , put the seeds or seedlings soaked in liquid , that the seed and seedling absorption and adhesion some agents, for the control of pests and diseases , and promote seedling root bud development . This method is suitable for cream, liquid, wettable powder formulations , with flower workers less seedling effect, with less pesticides and other advantages.
Bait method .
Bait method is to use bait ( various grains , bran, sugar , potatoes, cooking oil residue , etc. ) and their counterparts with stomach toxicity pesticide mixing bait , scattered in the fields, for the control of soil pests , rodents application methods .
This method is suitable for dusts, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates , liquid dosage forms . When in use, should be selected palatable food prepared fresh bait , and according to the feeding habits of insects and rodents , on a sunny day early in the morning or evening Bait . Adding crop seedling baits usually in the evenings or rain , fruit tree sprayer the effect is better.
Fumigation .
Fumigation method is the use of fumigants or easily volatile agents produced a sterilizing gas to insecticide spraying method . This method is suitable for warehouses, greenhouses , soil or crop lush place , with anti -efficient, fast-acting , etc., but the operation is technically demanding, spraying conditions are more stringent . Fumigation in the warehouse , to ensure a good seal , should be adequately ventilated after fumigation , the gas escapes . Soil fumigation , the effect can be closed with water , i.e. in the treated soil surface layer of water spray , can delay the fumigant to escape. Between the lines in the crop fumigation , should choose dense crops and appropriate temperature conditions , a sunny day .
Fumigation method .
Fumigation method is to smoke or ignite fuming fuming original drug to direct heat application methods of pest control . This method is suitable for use in a closed environment ( such as warehouses ,manual sprayer greenhouses ) or canopy high places, such as the growth of field crops later use . Pharmaceutical form of smoke gas diffusion have better penetration and proper settlement of space to stay longer, but not overly floating drift , so as to achieve good results.
2013年9月11日星期三
Hot season spraying pesticides security can not be taken lightly
In the spraying period not drinking, smoking , drinking , eating , etc., can not be directly Cazui hands , face, eyes, absolutely not allowed to spray each other frolic . Wash thoroughly with soap after household sprayer spraying hands, face and mouth , pesticide-contaminated work clothes to be washed and replacement bulbs . Pesticide spraying operations staff time per day is generally not more than six hours .
Applying excessive toxicity , pesticide poisoning obvious place to erect signs within a certain time ( harvest interval ) prohibit grazing , harvesting , to prevent livestock poisoning . And pay attention to compliance with the relevant provisions of the safe use of pesticides is prohibited highly toxic pesticides in vegetables, fruit , tea and other use .
After spraying sprayer should be cleaned and kept clean and safe custody ; Guo Cheng Zhongsheng preparation and handling of pesticides packaging materials , centralized processing , nor for holding grain, oil, wine, water and other food and feed.
After water power sprayer spraying fruit and other vegetable crops , must be in a safe interval after harvesting and consumption. To soak and rinse before eating to eliminate pesticide residues in vegetables .
With special chemical properties and performance of pesticides, must be read carefully prior pesticide label on the package , in accordance with label precautions for personal protection and operation.
Applying excessive toxicity , pesticide poisoning obvious place to erect signs within a certain time ( harvest interval ) prohibit grazing , harvesting , to prevent livestock poisoning . And pay attention to compliance with the relevant provisions of the safe use of pesticides is prohibited highly toxic pesticides in vegetables, fruit , tea and other use .
After spraying sprayer should be cleaned and kept clean and safe custody ; Guo Cheng Zhongsheng preparation and handling of pesticides packaging materials , centralized processing , nor for holding grain, oil, wine, water and other food and feed.
After water power sprayer spraying fruit and other vegetable crops , must be in a safe interval after harvesting and consumption. To soak and rinse before eating to eliminate pesticide residues in vegetables .
With special chemical properties and performance of pesticides, must be read carefully prior pesticide label on the package , in accordance with label precautions for personal protection and operation.
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