Note the use of pesticides

Bt is a bacterial insecticide , Bacillus thuringiensis class belonging , a variant of a good effect on the prevention and treatment of Lepidoptera larvae in use should pay attention to the following questions:

1 First, pay attention to the quality of Bt , general requirements per milliliter ( or 1 g ) containing more than 10 billion spores , applied concentration is 500 to 700 times , if the product is to increase the concentration of low bacterial content . When you open the bottle test if there is odor indicates may have expired.

(2) application of Bt Never with fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate other mix. Fungicide flower sprayer spray should be sprayed clean or fungicides will kill some Bt bacteria , thus affecting the insecticidal effect .

3 applied to the attention of the weather , the best on cloudy or weak illumination medication, if intense sunlight , ultraviolet light will kill bacteria Bt . Sunny days spraying, usually in the morning or afternoon before 10 , preferably in the foggy morning spraying. Temperatures generally in the 10 ~ 35 ℃ is appropriate, if food intake is too low will affect insect control effect is poor.

4 When the insect population density , in order to eradicate pests as soon as possible , add a small amount of pyrethroid pesticides such as speed kill small , Xing Bao cotton , kung fu , etc. , usually in the liquid sprayer can add 1 to 2 ml .

Paddy herbicide phytotoxicity reasons

In recent years, caused by the rice herbicide phytotoxicity to help things happen quite frequently , and the degree of injury increased from year to year . Many farmers suffer injury , holding natural attitude , not active treatment , the results suffer aggravation . Light brown rice plants of coke , stop growing ; severe dead plants and economic losses .
One , resulting in injury reasons
1 herbicide used improperly . Mainly some farmers to herbicides can not understand the blind abuse causes injury. If using herbicides wrong for upland rice fields specified in transplanting herbicides used for throwing field , live Tin .
(2) the amount of back pack sprayer spraying is not accurate. Herbicides must strictly follow the prescribed dosage administered medication is easy to produce excessive or uneven spraying injury .
3 application time inappropriate . High temperatures , strong sunlight , air dry, rain or dew is dry spraying , easy to cause injury occurred ; sensitive to herbicides in rice during medication, but also easily lead to injury .
4 Application methods unscientific . The use of herbicides , be sure to look him fine manual , as required operation. Such as the use of molinate , butyl benzyl and other types of herbicides, rice fields must be shallow layer of depth to height does not reveal the mud, do not submerge the lower leaf seedlings as well, and water for 5-7 days .hand sprayer If not at the required method of operation , can easily lead to injury.
5 intentional poisoning , resulting in injury. This situation is more special , more occurred in recent years . Generally because there is a dispute , the other party who were secretly cast herbicide , resulting in serious injury.

Be careful of these leafy pests

Do not arbitrarily increase the drug concentration, the number of days between spraying should strictly enforce the general chemical control disease, every 6-7 days, spray agents, pest 10-15 days, spray; note spraying quality, all parts should be sprayed, not be missed, particularly the lower leaves. Requires positive and negative spraying, spray on the leaves but also negative, must not be careless, or ineffective; using 2,4-D dip dip flower anther to pay special attention, concentration can not be large, it can not be repeated dip flowers, or fruit teratogenic, if not careful 2,4-D sprayed on the leaves, even small concentrations, there will be injury, Ye Zicheng chicken feet shape.

To comply with pesticide safety interval because there are residues of pesticides, drugs can not fight today, tomorrow harvest vegetable market, so in the vegetable harvest spraying pesticide safety interval must pay attention to the different requirements of pesticide safety interval is not the same. For example Kui parathion pesticide safety interval is 14 days; zineb, mancozeb, carbendazim interval is 15 days; dimethoate, trichlorfon, metalaxyl (metalaxyl), triadimefon, one hundred bacterial clearance,pressure sprayers g mites PL pesticide interval of 7 days; phoxim, dichlorvos, speed kill small, thiophanate and other pesticides interval 5 days; Fosetyl pesticide interval of three days.

More choice of Protected Vegetable Pesticide smoke or dust protected because humidity, but with smoke, dusts pesticides to control pests without adding water, will not increase the humidity, the effect is good; cloudy, rainy as usual control, the effect is not affected. The spraying liquid is different, must choose sunny, otherwise the effect is not good. And the use of smoke or dust Pesticide labor, residues are generally not exceeded, the application of the protective benefits of a lot of vegetables.

Watched the sky, spraying liquid medication seedlings generally choose sunny, no wind (or wind very, very small) weather. perfume sprayer High temperature, the concentration should be appropriately reduced in order to avoid injury (in particular the protection of vegetables). Some pesticides (such as some organic phosphorus) used when the temperature is high efficacy increased. Miao hour, spraying fluid volume should be reduced, but not high concentrations, because tender seedlings easy to produce injury. Some vegetables sensitive to certain drugs, such as the 50% drop of aldicarb pesticide use on cucumber, 300 times with injury, 500 times without injury, but 500 times in cabbage using it to produce injury. Therefore, the concentration necessary to reduce the use of cabbage, requiring 800 times more.

Handheld selection of ultra low volume sprayer

To select a suitable spray method

For ultra-low-volume spraying requires the use of oil pesticide spraying diluted liquid or only several times,knapsack power sprayer spraying 0.3 liters less per acre, the droplet diameter of 60 microns to 90 microns. Low-volume spraying, the use of pesticide emulsions, and diluted with water several times first times, mu spraying liquid from 0.3 to 30 liters, the droplet diameter of 100 micrometers to 150 micrometers.

Select the appropriate wind speed, wind direction and air temperature

Usually in 2-3 spray when the wind is better. Operator should try walking direction perpendicular to the wind direction, and to the nozzle in the wind, so that the operator of pesticide droplets drifting away.

Master nozzle height

Oil pesticide use ultra low volume spray nozzle from the crop height is generally 0.8 to 1.2 m; choice for low-volume spray pesticide emulsion when the nozzle from the crop height of about 0.5 meters.

Select pesticides and pesticide use

To improve the effectiveness of pest control should be selected within the absorption dose pesticides and stomach poison pesticides and two pesticides used in combination. Pesticide use, with a low volume spraying,foam sprayer the amount of pesticide per acre generally administered 2000 ml can get better control effect.

Mowing lawns is to pay attention to these

Just be trimmed lawn grass , if weeds have been a lot of pruning , you need to wait until the weeds grow enough leaf area before garden pressure sprayers spraying , or due to weed leaf area is too small, difficult to demonstrate the herbicidal effect .

Try not closed herbicides in the sand , sandy loam, no barren soil nutrient use . After sowing herbicide use , there are four conditions : seed casing ; very moist soil ; water consumption ; spray down the line .

Turfgrass injury occurred after the remedy. Principles: early to save , the sooner the better, and apply only to the suction -type herbicides. Within four days after the drug timely spraying Brassinolide ( GA , sodium nitrophenolate ) + a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + urea + speed rooting amount, repeat spraying interval of 4 days or so , basically able to completely detoxify. Regulator and fertilizer hand sprayer spraying over the main role is to provide increased seedling plant growth promoting safety.

Do not let the plant protection Yaoxie become the soft underbelly of landscape development

In recent years , China's fruit trees , forestry and nursery industry is developing very rapidly , and in some places even have developed into leading industries. However , relatively speaking , garden plant protection aspects of development is relatively slow Equipments , so many seedlings of agriculture, farmers in the selection Yaoxie when , but only from the field of plant protection Equipments choose , naturally less than ideal control effect , making a garden plant protection Equipments career development of weakness.

Despite the orchards, nurseries , gardens belong to farming, but after all, Daejeon grain, vegetable crops are different , so they took fruit trees and other landscape trees , the most obvious feature is the large tree topped , use common field sprayer to combat their diseases, pests , certainly not achieve the desired results , and the operator toting garden sprayers , standing on a high stool, ladder spray also dangerous. Therefore, many farmers , growers are hoping spray trees should be in the " high range , automatic target , to prevent drift and electrostatic spray " on an issue , so that the ortable sprayers mist sprayed only achieve the desired elevation , but also evenly attached to the leaf plane surface , reducing the height droplet drift, to achieve good control effect , although currently heard of these products listed, but foresters , farmers still difficult to buy .

In short , the development of Garden Plant Protection Equipments are the majority of farmers , growers and farmers hoping for seedlings , but also the requirements of the city garden workers . Therefore, I hope the relevant departments and enterprises to accelerate the research work in this area , so that has been identified as soon as the market advanced Yaoxie make garden work more modern plant protection concepts and requirements.

China should attach importance to agricultural equipment multifaceted sustainable development

A sustainable agriculture and water-saving irrigation technology and equipment problems . Of water scarcity . Water per year 30 billion m3, drought-hit area of ​​20 million hm2, the country has 80 million rural drinking water. Therefore, we must find a way out from the water , develop water-saving agriculture. Currently, the promotion of water-saving irrigation technology and equipment has matured, but water-saving irrigation equipment, there are some issues to be resolved. First , China's water-saving irrigation machines and mobile machine nozzle, joint form basically the same , you can choose range of small, rotating nozzle uneven wear . Wind nozzles, special nozzles to be research and development . Secondly, micro-irrigation technology in the domestic micro sprinklers , drippers , various forms dropper with fewer species . System complete with control equipment , filters, fertilizer , injectors, and other key technology node blockage need to overcome . Third , water-saving devices , "three" low level , but also to further improve standards.

Two sustainable agriculture and land conservation technology and equipment problems . Of land conservation imminent. According to statistics, currently expanding desertification area has reached 1,533,000 square kilometers , accounting for 15.9% of the land area . Erosion surface increase, 39% of the country's total area ; land quality declining arable land 59% of phosphorus deficiency , 23% potassium ,chemical sprayer 14% lack both phosphorus and potassium , 30% nitrogen deficiency province 's arable land , China low-yielding fields representing about 70% of arable land ; land resources severely damaged due to various human factors , derelict land total 200 million acres ; national grassland each year 30 million mu to 4000 mu degradation , desertification grassland (50%) ; 70 % arid and semi -arid grassland . Nearly 10 years , the national forest area decreased by 23 ? 1% , the agricultural ecological environment deterioration , reduced water storage capacity . Land pollution is worsening . From industrial "three wastes " pollution , contaminated land 6,700,000 hm2; affected by acid rain harm agriculture 2,660,000 hm2; national industrial solid waste and municipal solid waste a total area of ​​5.36 million hm2, which accounted for farmland 40000 hm2. As well as from the pollution of agriculture itself , mainly excessive application of pesticides , resulting in changes in soil properties , soil fertility decline and so on.

To this end , research and development of grass and trees terracing of special machinery and equipment development project is imminent. Promotion and development of new ultra-low- volume spraying ( powder ) device , so that the liquid droplet diameter down to 15μm ~ 75μm, reduce pesticide use , improve the efficacy and control effect ; development of new agricultural film recycling machinery and equipment , prevention of pollution of agricultural plastic film .

Three dimensional cultivation of sustainable agriculture and technical equipment problems . Stereoscopic three-dimensional cultivation of agricultural cultivation , including three-dimensional cultivation, water power sprayer livestock integration , planting combination , courtyard economy mode. Machinery and equipment in this regard very little mechanization intercropping is a major problem , this is not caused by power machine and supporting tools ; farming raise land farming techniques and equipment developed much, much less be able to use ; courtyard economy is on the rise among , there is no typical mechanical equipment developed . Stereoscopic both sustainable agriculture cultivation technology and equipment needed for development , but also the "three rural" market need to develop products .

How to solve the problem fruit injury

Damage to plants pesticides divided into acute and chronic. Acute injury in a few hours to a few days of irrigation sprayer spraying that manifested , such as blades ( fruit ) spots , yellowing, chlorosis , wilt , leaf , leaves drop, DPC clusters and so on. Chronic drug after a long time before depriving manifested as reduced photosynthesis , flower bud formation and fruit ripening delay , small , deformity, color and flavor deterioration . Once fruit trees suffered injury, the following measures should be taken immediately to rescue .
1 , spray potassium permanganate . Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant , a variety of chemical substances having an oxidation decomposition. 6,000 times spraying potassium permanganate solution , which can effectively alleviate the injury.
2 , rinse with water. Most chemicals are not water erosion, if the injury caused by excessive pesticide concentrations , use foam sprayer filled with water , washed repeatedly toward the fruit leaves to wash away the residue of the drug to the blade surface .
3 , pause with similar drugs . Before the injury completely removed to minimize the use of pesticides, especially to stop using pesticides similar to avoid aggravating the injury .
4 , followed by fertilization of water . Fruit injury occurred after watering should be combined with fast-acting fertilizer supplement , and Row crop cultivators . Meanwhile, spraying should be 0.3-0.5% and 0.2-0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea , etc., in order to improve the nutritional status of fruit trees , and enhance root absorption capacity . Operation , should be in before 10:00 and after 16:00 .

Banana frequency of application

Bananas with annual growth , rapid growth, large growth characteristics , and our climate is characterized by the best banana growing season hot and rainy weather occurs , after the fertilizer is easy to leakage, evaporation loss , therefore , must carry out the banana fertilization Qin Shi Shi thin , focusing on the period re-applied principle.

In recent years ,knapsack sprayer China's banana fertilization increased the number of prevalent than in the past , at least 5-9 times a year , as many as 10 to 20 times. How many times a year fertilization is appropriate then, it has been made ​​a number of banana fertilization experiment , the first component 13 Shi , Shi eight times a second component , the same as the total amount of fertilizer . Results: The first group than the second group of plant stems 15 cm high , 2.7 cm thick ; first group of mid-August as a whole before pumping bud , before the beginning of the second set of nine group smoked ; production in the first group than the second group increased by 10% .

Fertilizer in multiple application, which can minimize wastage , improve efficiency, give full play to fertility. For sandy soil of banana plantations , fertilizers applied in multiple effect is more obvious.

Based on the above , we believe that the banana fertilization is more appropriate for the full year 12 times to 15 times , flower sprayer including heavy fertilizer five times , thin fat 7 to 10 times.

Goods pesticide sampling

Sampling methods are: a wide range of pesticides and formulations , very different physical state , except when sampling should follow the general sampling rules , we must also take into account the different states of the products of sampling methods :
( 1 ) solid product sampled. back pack sprayers The number of samples depends on the goods batch weight or number of pieces . Each batch at 200 or less , according to the 5% to take ; 200 or more may be 3% to take . Mined number of 5 to 10 is appropriate. Large containers should be upper, middle and lower parts taken . Can be slotted spoon sampler or sampling . Each sample not less than 100 grams. The samples were taken repeatedly shrink quartering points, and finally take the 100 to 150 grams sealed storage equipment seized .
( 2 ) a liquid sample collection . Sampling should try to make the product mix , and then remove the sampler capacity required . Each batch of products mined 3 to 5 , each sample of not less than 500 ml , mix the samples taken , and finally take a sample of not less than 200 ml , sealed storage equipment seized .
( 3 ) special form of product sampling . Should be based on the specific circumstances , the use of appropriate sampling methods . An aerosol can be taken from each batch of a few bottles of any inspection . Goods taken from a batch of pesticide samples, only on behalf of the batch . Therefore, samples taken shall be marked with : product name, manufacturer, date of manufacture , batch number, date and place of sampling . In the supply and demand sides of pesticide product quality demanded arbitration dispute analysis , or when authorized by the State Administration of Quality Supervision agencies pesticide product quality supervision and spot checks , garden water sprayer the sample shall be parties to the dispute or sampling with sampling mutual proceed. Sample letters signed by both parties , in duplicate , one to send inspection institutions , retained to prepare a reinspection .

America should care Lecture Hall

In fact, good skin is not necessarily expensive skin care products can only be done when the folklore of many small recipe can also play a good role. Today, the United States should give a series of lectures Church skincare collection to recommend a few small recipe , let MM have easily have perfect skin .

Recipe 1 : Using vinegar and glycerin

Facial cleansing done every night before bed after working in five parts vinegar with one part glycerin into a mixture ratio , smear on the face and neck , you can sleep overnight , but also in half an hour and then rinse with water after PME Church with the moisturizing beauty cream whitening series , over about two weeks , the skin clear white slip .

Also in the face after the mixture is sprayed with a sprayer to the hands , remember to hand, then both hands pat the forehead , cheeks, chin and other parts , do not get eyes . Less the amount of the first use , the skin does not adapt , there will be some irritation, do not worry, these are normal reactions.

The principle is that recipe , vinegar and glycerin can not only health care , there are many cosmetic effect , in ancient times there with vinegar medicine medical records , that it has hair growth ,backpack garden sprayers  beauty, blood pressure, lose weight. Want moisturizes the skin , the key is necessary to reduce the body's garbage peroxide and can not be excluded .

Recipe 2: salt whitening a coup

Salt in every home in the kitchen are able to find , is one of the ingredients intake every day , while salt is a natural skin whitening products saint .

A certain amount of salt mixed with water , brine in the face with a cotton pad dip gently smear when rubbed salt in the face , can effectively eliminate the accumulated fat face pores , pimples , blackheads , dead skin and so on. However , after the first wash , you may find the face is still too greasy, oil and grease is actually discharged grease your pores not wash clean . About a week or so , your face will be presenting a rosy transparent feeling.

Salt in addition to remove dirt , as well as anti-inflammatory effect , used to fade acne face wash can accelerate the speed . When coupled with lemon juice as an ingredient can also remove unsightly facial freckles . Method is to wash your face sooner or later , can be moistened with warm water and a teaspoon of salt as a cleanser to gently wash , pressure sprayer then rinse with cold water can be. If you deal with acne can be a teaspoon of salt dissolved completely with warm water , then moistened with a cotton pad and apply to the acne affected area and wrap 2-3 minutes will pick up speed healing of acne . If the removal of freckles , you can add the lemon juice has a bleaching effect , add water to dissolve the salt and coated in the face, after half a minute to thoroughly clean the face with warm water , lemon juice, salt .

Reasonable application of trichlorfon

Trichlorfon (C4H8O4Cl3P) an organic phosphorus esters in fish disease control with high efficiency , low toxicity, residual less residue shorter advantages.

In order to reduce and avoid the generation of resistant parasites on trichlorfon improve trichlorfon concentration range in a safe use of effects , you can take the following measures:

( 1 ) Rotation drug prevention and treatment of parasitic fish diseases , not long-term single-use trichlorfon a drug to cut pathogens resistant populations formation.

( 2 ) combination therapy can not only play rid combination pests, increase efficacy , reduce costs , and there is a clear inhibition of the development of resistance and to overcome the effect. Such as : 90 % of the crystal trichlorfon and ferrous sulfate mixture (0.5:0.2) 0.25ppm control carp Sinergasilus concurrent with Shi ; 90% crystal trichlorfon and surface alkali mixture (1:0.6) 0.25ppm can kill three generations worms, ring worm .

( 3 ) In order to enhance efficiency for trichlorfon for trichlorfon efficacy, reduce their parasite resistance , perfume sprayer in addition to strictly symptomatic medication and serious medication, reasonable compatibility synergist is one of the ways to improve the efficacy .

The rational application of trichlorfon

In the process of fish disease control how the rational use of trichlorfon , fishery production is a common concern . Rational use of trichlorfon main attention to the following points:

( 1 ) Use trichlorfon control parasitic fish diseases , pathogens objects shall different pH values ​​and water quality and proper adjustment application rate , pH of 6.5-7 in the water can be slightly increased application rate , pH value of 8 -9 can reduce the dosage .

( 2 ) In order to improve fish disease control effect, reducing resistance , you should rotate the use of drugs .

( 3 ) when administered trichlorfon , not adding an alkaline substance or alkaline washing , iquid sprayer to prevent the formation of toxic substances methoxy acid chloride , livestock and fish to avoid poisoning.

( 4 ) trichlorfon original drug with acidic , sprinkle medicine is best not metal containers to prevent corrosion ; such as metal sprayer after use , must be promptly wash with water.

Pesticide spraying techniques

Spraying pesticides to control pests in many ways, can generally be sprayed and how much ( ie, the level of capacity ) , pesticide formulation types ( liquid, powder, etc. ) , as well as spray atomization principle applied to cloth method for classification. Pesticide Science, technology used essence , is to improve the pesticide on the target (i.e. target ) on the deposition rate , lower or regions in the non- target deposition , adopt the advanced application techniques to reduce the amount of pesticide applied to the minimum effective dose , maximize the effective utilization of pesticides , while minimizing pesticide application personnel and the environment against pollution .

Modern technology development direction pesticide use mainly traditional high-volume low-concentration spray high concentration to low volume spray method development ; big droplet spray fine mist spray to develop . Droplet distribution density is related to the effect of an important factor in prevention , per square centimeter droplet on the surface 20 can achieve the desired control effect. The same amount of liquid, if the droplet size by half , and the resulting 8 -fold increase the number of droplets . High concentrations of low-volume spray of fine droplets in a significant increase effective utilization of pesticides , while also improving efficiency, reduce labor intensity , saving water resources. And China is currently the most widely used high-capacity spray or spray method , tend to wet the crop to a " drip drop drug " phenomenon is not only wasteful , but can not reach a better control effect.
One , knapsack sprayer application techniques . Sprayer our current annual production capacity of 800 million units , brand , style a lot, but are of the same type , in particular, is just a tangential nozzle centrifugal kind of completely different different crops suited to control pests needs. With the domestic market development backpack water sprayer , high-grade , effort, medicine section of the new sprayer has emerged as a variety of spray guard card , configure all good atomization effect , is an ideal plant protection machinery products. Using manual sprayer spraying should pay attention to the following questions:
1, select non-drip phenomenon , good spray atomization , droplet density in guarantee case , to minimize the amount of spray . Prohibited the nozzle removed, and take rain France spraying.
2 , to strengthen the pesticide on crops wet adhesion , can add a small amount of liquid detergent and other types of wetlands development agent.
3, for different crops in different pests , use of different spraying parts. Currently widely used in tangential centrifugal nozzle, spray because of its large amount of structural relationships , the error is also large , uneven distribution , can only extensive pesticide spraying , no longer meet the technical requirements of the scientific use of pesticides , to gradually promote the use of vortex core or vortex -piece nozzle. Fan nozzle fog droplet distribution, spray can avoid re-spray leak phenomenon, spraying herbicides should vigorously promote the use of fan fog nozzle.
4, to change the current direction of travel along the right and left common bilateral "Z" shaped cross chemical sprayer spray habits, promote downwind side "Z" shaped spray application personnel to ensure that the area where no drugs area. Fog nozzle with a fan , you should take unilateral parallel advance of France spray nozzle swings should be avoided .

Herbicide use of technology to improve

Play herbicide weed herbicide has its own performance characteristics , we must increase the use of technology to maximize the effectiveness of the herbicide weeding , weeding in order to achieve good results, and to reduce or avoid injury from occurring. To correctly handle the following relationships .

1 , application and climate relationships . When the weather is dry or when the wind is spraying, will increase the amount of liquid evaporation and drift , weeds, leaves , soil surface adhesion of the liquid is reduced , resulting in decreased herbicidal effects should be avoided in the dry and windy weather conditions The following spraying.

2 , application and temperature. Many herbicides increased activity in high temperature conditions , at low temperatures decreased activity , slow down dead grass , generally greater than the daily average temperature 8-10 ℃ degrees conducive efficacy of play . However, some herbicides in the day when the average temperature is about 5 ℃ low pressure sprayer spraying , you can still get a good herbicidal effect .

Such as fenoxaprop , alkynyl oxalic acid, tribenuron , azole grass ketone. In the days before winter the average temperature is about 5 ℃ ( no freezing at night as well ) to use , even after the winter to get a good herbicidal effect .

It should be noted with isoproturon head warm in cold tail spraying , cold spraying should be stopped 2-3 days before , or can produce cold injury.

3 , the relationship between pesticide and humidity . Whether soil or foliar treatment enclosed needs to have suitable soil moisture , drought conditions are not conducive to the efficacy of the play , you should avoid spraying too dry conditions .

4 , pesticide and water relations . How much water when spraying is related to the amount of liquid adhesion and uniformity of spraying , thus affecting the herbicidal effect . Asked not to re-spray herbicide , does not leak spray , repeat some easy to produce injury , where leakage spray weeds die. According to practical experience , as a soil closed when weeding , mu liquid volume of 45-60 kg as well ( hand sprayer 3-4 buckets of water ) , foliar treatment agent to 30-45 kg ( 2-3 buckets of water ) as well .

5 , application and preparation Quality. Crushing smooth soil surface is conducive to the formation of liquid membrane closure , weeding effect. Uneven soil surface , and large clods of soil surface is not conducive to closed , and because of freezing and thawing in winter , a large clods broken, resulting in increased spring the grass , reducing the herbicidal effect .

Phytophthora infestans new pharmaceutical spraying period

( A ) seed disinfection after soaking in the diced potato .

( 2 ) Summer in the soil after sowing before .

( 3 ) potato foliage hand sprayers at 15 days after emergence of the first spray interval of 10 days and then sprayed again. After the closure of the line or the early onset of the spray .

Soaking seed disinfection dosage Hilfiger 800 times with 44% , 100 liters ( kg ) water plus 44% Feige Jia 125 ml . Summer with 44% Hilfiger 150 ml / ha. Prevention of late blight postemergence foliage spray with 44% Hilfiger 750-1000 ml / hectare ( acre 50-67 ml ) , or 800 times , 44% of early onset Hilfiger 1050-1200 ml / hectare ( acre 70-80 ml ​​) ,flower sprayer or 600 times, late blight commonly occurs four percent Hilfiger 1200-1350 ml / ha ( 80-90 ml per acre ) , or 500 times . Hilfiger care with Pitt , He Sheng Su mix can increase potato late blight control effect , increasing the starch content and yield .

Sprayer Common Faults and exclusion method

Many types of spray nozzles , here rocker and worm sprinkler common faults and troubleshooting .

1 Water tongue abnormal traits Rotating sprinklers if working properly, in the absence of otherness ( rocker style guide or worm water heaters · impeller ) blocked, the water in the vicinity of the nozzle tongue should have a smooth , transparent, round dense paragraph after paragraph in dense water tongue gradually turned white and was crushed ; its range of not less than 85% of the standard value , and should be good atomization . Otherwise, water tongue trait abnormalities. Its causes and remedies as follows: ① water tongue just left the nozzle on the rough surface of an opaque , but the water is still the mainstream of the tongue is circular, because sprinklers processing rough, burrs or damage. Sprinklers should be polished or replace the nozzle . ② water leaves the nozzle on the tongue just a spread , no round dense paragraphs. The main reason is inside the nozzle was badly damaged and should be replaced ; rectifier distortion , should be repaired or replaced ; flow channel within the blockage should remove foreign bodies .

2 range is not enough water tongue

① range is not enough , but the water is still good atomization tongue , mainly due to the nozzle speed is too fast , you should adjust small nozzle speed . ② range is not enough and the water jet atomization poor. The reason is not enough pressure , may be required to increase the pressure .

3 sprinkler rotation is not normal

① rocker works fine, but the head does not turn or rotate very slowly. The following reasons: a hollow shaft and the sleeve shaft gap is too small , should increase its gap ; between being blocked into the sediment should be removed cleaned ; installation sleeve shaft screw too tight, should be relaxed . ② arm angle is too small. Reasons: rocker spring too tight, should be appropriately loosen ; rocker mounted too high , water flowing water can not completely cut tongue , should be lowered ; rocker arms and rocker arm shaft with tight , should increase the gap ; pressure low and should be increased . ③ rocker angle is large enough, but the percussion weakness. The reason is water deflector tongue cut too deep , so that the power has not been fully tap rocker hand pump sprayers sprayed body incurs in red open . Tapping block should thicken . ④ rocker percussion frequency instability , unsteadiness . The reason is the rocker arm and shaft rocker shaft with Songkuang or loose , you need to identify the reasons corrected. ⑤ not return after arm throw . Mainly due to the rocker arm spring is too loose , you should tighten the springs.

4 worm type ( impeller ) nozzle rotation is not normal

① impeller idling but the head does not turn . Main reasons: the impeller shaft and the small worm screw loose coupling between or pins off, should be tightened ; big worm shaft and sleeve positioned between the screw loose , should be tightened ; reversing gear did not catch , should be pulling the lever to make commutation gear to catch . ② water tongue is normal but the impeller does not turn, fruit tree sprayers the body does not turn . Main reasons: worm or gear oil, resistance is too large , you should add oil ; positioning screws too tightly , resulting in a large worm with eccentric , should be appropriately loosen ; impeller is stuck foreign body , should be cleared ; worm , gear or hollow shaft and shaft sleeve rust prison, should rust refueling.

5 leaking nozzle rotating parts

① gasket into the sediment, so that the sealing surface is not sealed , remove the hollow shaft clean. ② insufficient precision nozzle , the hollow shaft and the sleeve shaft is not closely with the end surface , should be repaired or replaced.

Seven types of instruments are included in the scope of subsidies Senfang

Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture , the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the " 2010 farm machinery purchase subsidy implementation guidance" , of which there are seven categories of forestry pest control equipment items to be included in the scope of subsidies .

It is understood that seven categories of forestry pest control equipment as follows: electric chemical sprayer ( including backpack , portable ) , motor spray powder machine ( including knapsack sprayers duster , knapsack sprayer , knapsack duster machines ) , power sprayers ( including stretcher , trolley sprayer ) , spray rod sprayer ( including traction , self-propelled , suspended boom sprayer ) , wind sent sprayer ( including self-propelled style , traction -type air sprayers ) , smoke machines ( including normal smoke machine , hot smoke machine ) and insecticidal lamps ( including off moth light trap lamp ) .

The " Opinion" provides subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery in general continue to implement the standard does not exceed 30 % of the proportion of subsidies ( earthquake severely affected counties , focusing on schistosomiasis epidemic proportion of subsidies can be increased to 50% ) , single subsidy in principle, more than five million.

Modern agriculture

Adapt to the development of sustainable agriculture technology combines new products. ( 1 ) self-propelled semi-feeding combine harvester rubber track series . ( 2 ) corn combine harvester series. ( 3 ) Grain Combine Harvester longitudinal axial series . ( 4 ) Self-propelled full- feed rice combine harvester series : Motive power 14.7kW ~ 22.1kW, 29.4kW ~ 36? 7kW, 58.8kW, ground pressure 0.24kg/cm2, off the net rate of 99% , cleaning rate of 98.5% , cleaning loss rate of 0.5% . Straw chopper to field . Main working parts installed alarm system.

Major agricultural technology development facilities equipped with the new products ( 1 ) development of greenhouses with heating equipment. Adapt to the cold northern regions warm greenhouse heating . Development of a variety of specifications and varieties , adapted to different facilities, agricultural technologies. ( 2 ) development of cooling equipment . Including wet curtain cooling fan system and spray system . ( 3 ) development of soilless culture -related major equipment. ( 4 ) development of small power for greenhouses and supporting tools. Such as pollution , compact, more energy, good process performance portable small power equipment, complete sets of production , supply market still need to be specially developed . ( 5 ) development of efficient seedling tray seeding and planting equipment transplanting equipment . These products are not mature enough and reliable in the country , still need to vigorously developed to enhance the greenhouse effect is used . ( 6 ) Greenhouse irrigation systems to increase water-saving irrigation facilities, specifications and varieties ,garden sprayers improved irrigation and drip device reliability and service life .

Vigorously develop new agricultural products, sustainable agricultural development of modern agricultural equipment relying essential.

The core objective of sustainable development of agriculture is the Agricultural Development and the sustainability of resources and the environment of unity , ensure to meet the needs of the present without doing damage to human generations to meet their needs. Sustainable development of agriculture is the key to maintaining self- purification capacity of the environment , sustainable production capacity of soils , crops, high-quality high-yielding ability , which requires a scientific system and land conservation tillage cultivation training system . This is the middle of the key factors is the production tool to enhance productivity , represented , for China this stage is mainly agricultural equipment modernization . Chinese Agricultural Mechanization has changed from the initial stage towards the intermediate stage , China's agriculture has been progress in the natural state of the agricultural economy to the industrialized agricultural economy into a state of the road , how in the industrialized state of the agricultural economy of Chinese agricultural civilization establish a new form of modern science and technology , tree sprayer environmental protection , information and other relevant institutional mechanisms deep-seated change, mechanization , intensive , large-scale agricultural economy into the main features of the form is the Chinese rural construction need to think about an important topic . Chinese agricultural equipment modernization is the fundamental way agricultural transformation .

Flower remedy safety

Flowers pest control pests must first understand the cause , infection cycle and its ecological environment, grasp the hazards of the time, location, extent and other laws in order to remedy.

A non infectious disease medication ( 1 ) sunburn harm plants like fire in the middle upper leaves like , pale red, but no rain affected parts of the mold shaped . ( 2 ) water waterlogging can cause rot, easy to lodging . Frost damage seedling leaf edge first dry coke wrinkle volume , no rain affected parts of the mold shaped bark rupture. water power sprayer ( 3 ) of drought victims in the upper leaves wrinkles, drooping . ( 4 ) pollution damage leaves dirty , easy to wipe. Fertilizer damage shoots wilting , growth stagnation. ( 5 ) deficiency harm plant growth retardation , leaf deformation dull, dry from the bottom up along the blade off.
These diseases are physiological diseases, pesticides are not can and can only be solved by changing ecological conditions , but in conjunction with external fertilization to remedy the root .

(2) infectious disease medication ( 1 ) fungal disease often leaves white , rust powder, coal pollution , mold layer , plaques, rain spots back often fungal spores mold shaped . The disease can choose Zineb , Peronophythora spirits do routine prevention . In the peak of the disease , the available edifenphos , Amobam , tuzet , carbendazim , g Isoprothiolane used interchangeably , the dilution of : Powder 500-800 times liquid , cream or liquid 800-1000 times . ( 2 ) bacterial diseases mainly against rhizomes , corms , bulbs , tubers , etc. Affected parts of the dry conditions into a powder , high-temperature conditions into a water-soaked . Optional 200,000 units of the diseases of streptomycin 30 gram of water 50 kg pouring spout . ( 3 ) showed mosaic virus disease , dry spots , ringed , yellow leaves , deformity, arbuscular , upper leaves fall off . Optional oxytetracycline ,liquid sprayer viruses Spirit of 20 , dissolved in 12 kg of water poured or sprayed with 2.5 kg isatis boiled pouring spout .

Flowers conduct biological safety

Biological control is to reduce drug use, avoid flowers produce a measure of resistance .

One can make use of pest disease, lethal bacteria, fungi , viruses or their metabolites to control pests . Usually cultured microbial virulence of the pest , and then made ​​into powder spraying , so that pests death. Such as bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis preparations against lepidopteran insect larvae highly toxic , killing excellent results. Experimental results show that the effect is also very good fungal pest . Such as the use bassiana parasites in the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and other insects and worm class body , can be very effective in killing pests. Poplar lice red seat molds for whitefly has a high virulence . The use of research and application of pest control virus also made ​​great progress in the application of more nuclear polyhedrosis virus . Strong expertise insect virus resistance , garden pressure sprayer virulence is also strong, lasting effect. Practical applications often made ​​of the virus preparations agent, platinum , wettable powder , etc. applied into the soil or spraying pest control .

Second, the use of microbial antagonism between and certain microbial metabolic products , to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms flowers , development, and even to death. Such material is antibiotics. If code is " 5406 " flower flower fertilizer can prevent certain fungal diseases , bacterial diseases and mosaic virus .

Third is to use the nature of the food chain , food chain relationships or parasitic relationship to combat pests. For example, the use of daylight bee control aphid ; bottle sprayer utilization dragonflies, praying mantis and other predatory insects and so on.

But also the use of plant immunity and Vegetable saps the active ingredients to combat pests and diseases. As with aqueous garlic can prevent many types of bacteria. Physiologically active substances to the use of plant pest is currently the focus of research at home and abroad , is one of the ways a good prospect . In addition the use of biological pest control engineering approach is also a new trend of development, such as genetically modified technology.