First, the types of pesticides factors
Different types of pesticides on different vegetables injury to different degrees. Organochlorine insecticides such as melons and vegetables easy to produce injury, water pressure sprayer fenthion on cruciferous vegetables seedlings produce injury.
Second, the pharmaceutical dosage forms and the use of concentration
Different formulations of pesticide phytotoxicity possibility of different sizes, usually oil> Emulsions> WP> Powder> Milk> granules. Pesticides appear oil, cream and other stratification, precipitation occurs, wettable powder caking, low suspension, powder flocculation, etc. will increase the likelihood of injury produced. Use the higher the concentration, the more prone to injury. Generally soluble in water, small molecular weight pesticides easy to produce injury. Bordeaux mixture on a variety of vegetables such as security, and copper sulfate soluble in water, on a variety of vegetables unsafe.
Three, misuse of pesticides
Because improper storage, causing pesticides mark off, or labels is unclear, or remember name of the drug, or the wrong medicine, or as long as what is grass herbicides can be used, such as herbicides, fungicides or pesticides will the use, or the monocot crop herbicide used dicotyledonous crop fields, and this will have a serious injury, or even never produced.
Fourth, the wrong mix of pesticides
Mix between two or more pesticide misuse, garden water sprayer but also easy to produce injury. Such as Bordeaux mixture and lime sulfur can not mix the two should be used in conjunction with a certain time interval.
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2013年11月5日星期二
The use of different pesticides
SC (SC)
It is the original drug is dispersed or suspended solids contain a variety of additives in aqueous medium or oil medium, high concentration of viscous flowable formulations. Commonly used in expensive and efficient pesticides, use of conventional spray, but also for low-volume spraying and soaking, etc., which both WP and EC two formulations advantages, but at present the ideal suspension narrow range, in recommended the use of tobacco, 36% thiophanate-methyl colloidal suspension agent.
Agent (AS)
The water-soluble in water directly into the original drug formulations. The formulation process is simple, easy to use, efficacy, and ease of packaging, transport and storage, garden hand sprayers can reduce the pollution of organic solvents, but agent intolerance storage, easy hydrolysis lapse poor wetting, adhesion is weak, Vinca is very long, and There are limitations, not all pesticides can be processed into liquid.
Seed (SD)
Seed are those containing a binder and a certain pesticide or fertilizer plant growth regulating agents encapsulated in plant seeds on the outside and the formation of a solid dosage form of the drug layer. It is often treated seeds can be stored for a short time, usually tobacco seeds are treated with a seed coating. Most of the commonly used Seed preparations contain a variety of active ingredients, with pest control, to provide nutrition and promote plant growth and development role.
Fumigants (VP)
In the appropriate temperature, the use of toxic gases, liquids or vapors generated by the evaporation of a solid in a closed environment, kill pests or pathogens, called fumigation. Called fumigants used for fumigation agents. Fumigants are easily vaporized liquid or solid, some compressed gases. While some soil treatment or portable power sprayer spray process with fumigation, but can not be called fumigants, such as acephate fumigation has some activity, but the main mode of action is to stomach poisoning and toxicity, and therefore can not become a fumigant , there is a real sense of aluminum phosphide fumigant, methyl bromide, etc.
It is the original drug is dispersed or suspended solids contain a variety of additives in aqueous medium or oil medium, high concentration of viscous flowable formulations. Commonly used in expensive and efficient pesticides, use of conventional spray, but also for low-volume spraying and soaking, etc., which both WP and EC two formulations advantages, but at present the ideal suspension narrow range, in recommended the use of tobacco, 36% thiophanate-methyl colloidal suspension agent.
Agent (AS)
The water-soluble in water directly into the original drug formulations. The formulation process is simple, easy to use, efficacy, and ease of packaging, transport and storage, garden hand sprayers can reduce the pollution of organic solvents, but agent intolerance storage, easy hydrolysis lapse poor wetting, adhesion is weak, Vinca is very long, and There are limitations, not all pesticides can be processed into liquid.
Seed (SD)
Seed are those containing a binder and a certain pesticide or fertilizer plant growth regulating agents encapsulated in plant seeds on the outside and the formation of a solid dosage form of the drug layer. It is often treated seeds can be stored for a short time, usually tobacco seeds are treated with a seed coating. Most of the commonly used Seed preparations contain a variety of active ingredients, with pest control, to provide nutrition and promote plant growth and development role.
Fumigants (VP)
In the appropriate temperature, the use of toxic gases, liquids or vapors generated by the evaporation of a solid in a closed environment, kill pests or pathogens, called fumigation. Called fumigants used for fumigation agents. Fumigants are easily vaporized liquid or solid, some compressed gases. While some soil treatment or portable power sprayer spray process with fumigation, but can not be called fumigants, such as acephate fumigation has some activity, but the main mode of action is to stomach poisoning and toxicity, and therefore can not become a fumigant , there is a real sense of aluminum phosphide fumigant, methyl bromide, etc.
2013年11月4日星期一
Ectropis occurrence trend prediction and prevention advice
First, the forecast based on
1, the insect population rises rapidly , the occurrence of large, heavy damage . March 20 -28 survey fifteen tea , tea inchworm up to 3 per square meter , a minimum of 0 , average 0.24 ; pressure sprayers April 7-9, 2009 survey Ectropis up to 26 , a minimum of one average 4.6 . Insect population density, rising fast, heavy damage .
In late February and March to early April rain , field humidity, frequently alternating cold and warm . Also, according to weather forecasts four months late, there are 2-3 times rainfall, the temperature rose rapidly , is conducive Ectropis occurrence and hazards.
Second, prevention and treatment advice
1 , control indicators: per square meter Ectropis larvae 4-5 head , instantly drug prevention and treatment .
2, control Time: April 18 -4 at the end of 400 meters above sea level areas were late for 3-5 days. Serious tea interval of 5-6 days in a row with a good two drugs.
3, the control strategies :
( 1 ) Biological control : To ensure safety of the county green , resolutely implement green plant protection , public plant concept, in acres of tea plantations on medication should be used avermectin 80 ml of 2% or 0.5% bitter raw base 100 ml , to achieve both eradication of pests , and protection from predators a virtuous circle.
( 2 ) Chemical control : mu selection of efficient and low toxicity of 2.5% trifluoroacetic cyanuric chloride ( kung fu ) 120 ml or 100 ml of 2.5% bifenthrin .
Choose one of these agents , watered 45 kilograms per mu motorized plastic sprayer , hand sprayer watered 60 kilograms per mu , at 16:00 after a uniform spray. And after treatment interval 7-10 genius for picking.
1, the insect population rises rapidly , the occurrence of large, heavy damage . March 20 -28 survey fifteen tea , tea inchworm up to 3 per square meter , a minimum of 0 , average 0.24 ; pressure sprayers April 7-9, 2009 survey Ectropis up to 26 , a minimum of one average 4.6 . Insect population density, rising fast, heavy damage .
In late February and March to early April rain , field humidity, frequently alternating cold and warm . Also, according to weather forecasts four months late, there are 2-3 times rainfall, the temperature rose rapidly , is conducive Ectropis occurrence and hazards.
Second, prevention and treatment advice
1 , control indicators: per square meter Ectropis larvae 4-5 head , instantly drug prevention and treatment .
2, control Time: April 18 -4 at the end of 400 meters above sea level areas were late for 3-5 days. Serious tea interval of 5-6 days in a row with a good two drugs.
3, the control strategies :
( 1 ) Biological control : To ensure safety of the county green , resolutely implement green plant protection , public plant concept, in acres of tea plantations on medication should be used avermectin 80 ml of 2% or 0.5% bitter raw base 100 ml , to achieve both eradication of pests , and protection from predators a virtuous circle.
( 2 ) Chemical control : mu selection of efficient and low toxicity of 2.5% trifluoroacetic cyanuric chloride ( kung fu ) 120 ml or 100 ml of 2.5% bifenthrin .
Choose one of these agents , watered 45 kilograms per mu motorized plastic sprayer , hand sprayer watered 60 kilograms per mu , at 16:00 after a uniform spray. And after treatment interval 7-10 genius for picking.
Flower reasonable choice and use of herbicides
1 according to the size of Ages medication a biennial woody flowers , whether planting seedlings or cuttings , seedlings are present its tender branches shallow roots , root underdevelopment, poor tolerability , hence should be used when spraying low doses . Commonly used herbicide oxyfluorfen , prometryn and so on. Generally applied before the flower bud marinated pharmaceutical toxic soil , can prevent slips, dicotyledonous weeds, valid for one month , does not affect seedling growth .
(2) According to the degree of precious flowers medication is generally expensive flowers on the environmental conditions and management requirements are relatively high , from a safety point of view , the choice of foliar treatment , such as using the " feeder " and other herbicides formulated as 0.3 to 0.4% concentration liquid, with smearing weed control , avoid using aerosol low pressure sprayer spray drift leading pharmacy has caused injury to seedlings . There is also available indigenous pesticide poisoning .
3 According to the growth characteristics of medication smiling flowers , camellia , magnolia and other flowers as leathery leaves , waxy layer on the leaves , and some conifers with fragrant flowers and leaves of butter, these flowers and strong resistance , it can be directly using the " feeder " and other systemic herbicide to do foliar treatment . Some flowers and leaf quality thin , wax less , such as Tau , France holly, Indus , etc. , and some flower leaves are fluff, such as hibiscus, Mama rust ball etc. These flowers are not appropriate to " feeder " direct spray , garden hand sprayers optional efficient " Gallant " on the stems and leaves do targeted treatment , both to control grassy weeds , but also to ensure the safety of seedlings .
4 Classification according to medication woody flower flowers resistant to herbicides generally stronger than the herb flowers . Flowers on the grass suitably selective herbicides , such as " Gallant ", " grass g ," " Take fishing net ", in doing shoots with flowers growing season . On coniferous woody species such as cypress , larch, cedar , etc., can also use the " feeder " doing foliar treatment . For some broadleaf woody species such as ash , acacia, Bauhinia, hibiscus and other species more sensitive to insecticides , can do oxyfluorfen soil treatment, wash with water after application required seedlings, nursery stock to ensure safety .
(2) According to the degree of precious flowers medication is generally expensive flowers on the environmental conditions and management requirements are relatively high , from a safety point of view , the choice of foliar treatment , such as using the " feeder " and other herbicides formulated as 0.3 to 0.4% concentration liquid, with smearing weed control , avoid using aerosol low pressure sprayer spray drift leading pharmacy has caused injury to seedlings . There is also available indigenous pesticide poisoning .
3 According to the growth characteristics of medication smiling flowers , camellia , magnolia and other flowers as leathery leaves , waxy layer on the leaves , and some conifers with fragrant flowers and leaves of butter, these flowers and strong resistance , it can be directly using the " feeder " and other systemic herbicide to do foliar treatment . Some flowers and leaf quality thin , wax less , such as Tau , France holly, Indus , etc. , and some flower leaves are fluff, such as hibiscus, Mama rust ball etc. These flowers are not appropriate to " feeder " direct spray , garden hand sprayers optional efficient " Gallant " on the stems and leaves do targeted treatment , both to control grassy weeds , but also to ensure the safety of seedlings .
4 Classification according to medication woody flower flowers resistant to herbicides generally stronger than the herb flowers . Flowers on the grass suitably selective herbicides , such as " Gallant ", " grass g ," " Take fishing net ", in doing shoots with flowers growing season . On coniferous woody species such as cypress , larch, cedar , etc., can also use the " feeder " doing foliar treatment . For some broadleaf woody species such as ash , acacia, Bauhinia, hibiscus and other species more sensitive to insecticides , can do oxyfluorfen soil treatment, wash with water after application required seedlings, nursery stock to ensure safety .
2013年11月3日星期日
Tobacco pesticide MRLs
MRLs is to regulate the amount of pesticide residues in tobacco defined targets. Even in strict accordance with good agricultural practices (good agricultural practice, gap) for tobacco production ,pressure sprayers pesticide active ingredients and their degradation products are still somewhat in tobacco residues, it is necessary to set maximum residue limits .
Some farmers do not follow the recommended dose of pesticides and pesticide use , even the use of banned pesticides on tobacco use , it may cause more serious problem of pesticide residues in tobacco . Currently , tobacco and tobacco products in the countries to control pesticide mrl indicators are an important part of the quality of tobacco products has become one of the international market to buy tobacco evaluation and an important factor in the United States, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Spain , Croatia , Estonia , Malaysia and the Middle East and other 11 countries or regions of tobacco and tobacco products, as specified in the mrl. garden pressure sprayer Our Tobacco relevant administrative departments have organized research units to develop tobacco "Tobacco and tobacco products in the maximum pesticide residue limits ", and promulgated in due time .
Some farmers do not follow the recommended dose of pesticides and pesticide use , even the use of banned pesticides on tobacco use , it may cause more serious problem of pesticide residues in tobacco . Currently , tobacco and tobacco products in the countries to control pesticide mrl indicators are an important part of the quality of tobacco products has become one of the international market to buy tobacco evaluation and an important factor in the United States, Russia, Germany, France, Italy, Hungary, Spain , Croatia , Estonia , Malaysia and the Middle East and other 11 countries or regions of tobacco and tobacco products, as specified in the mrl. garden pressure sprayer Our Tobacco relevant administrative departments have organized research units to develop tobacco "Tobacco and tobacco products in the maximum pesticide residue limits ", and promulgated in due time .
Common botanical pesticides in organic vegetable production application
In conventional agriculture , plant pest and disease control rely mainly on large-scale use of chemical pesticides , which is caused by harmful residues major cause of pollution . With the development of international agricultural trade and national awareness of food safety standards, pollution-free food production is rising rapidly . Production of pollution-free food , the first problem to be solved is the chemical pesticide residues pollution problems, namely the prohibitions and restrictions on the use of chemical pesticides . Use of existing resources, preparation plant insecticide fungicide pesticide to combat the production of pollution-free vegetables, vegetable pests , no residue , no pollution, no adverse effects. Many different types of plant pesticides , are cheap and easy to get a brief introduction of several botanical pesticides.
( A ) chili peppers are widely grown in our country , ripe fruit has insecticidal effect, but outside of the seed coat and the highest content of seeds pesticidal substance .
Mode of action : stomach poison ,portable power sprayer insecticide , poor feeding, fumigant.
Control target: various vegetables aphids, whiteflies and other caterpillar .
Usage: chili powder into powder , add water and stir 50 times , overnight , filtered with a cloth sprayed on crops . Or chili grind into a fine powder , add water, add soap flakes or liquid soap , stir , sprinkle on crops .
( Two ) Garlic Garlic widely planted in the fields , gardens and courtyards , the various parts of the plant contain the active ingredient allicin sterilization .
Mode of action : to kill bacteria, fungi and nematodes .
Control target: vegetable root-knot nematode , Botrytis , bean rust, angular leaf spot of cucumber , melons and potatoes anthrax storage diseases .
How to use: 1kg peeled and smashed garlic , add water 2kg, soak 0.5 hours and then filtered to the residue Serve. With a 20-fold when diluted with water spray can.
When there is a peeled garlic processing step , peeled , first cut pedicle garlic , soaked in water for 24 hours immersion cylinder , then remove and peel . Garlic bulb contains a lot of water allicin, can use this water clarification to the complex, liquid sprayer sprayed directly control a variety of diseases , and would be the utilization of waste .
( A ) chili peppers are widely grown in our country , ripe fruit has insecticidal effect, but outside of the seed coat and the highest content of seeds pesticidal substance .
Mode of action : stomach poison ,portable power sprayer insecticide , poor feeding, fumigant.
Control target: various vegetables aphids, whiteflies and other caterpillar .
Usage: chili powder into powder , add water and stir 50 times , overnight , filtered with a cloth sprayed on crops . Or chili grind into a fine powder , add water, add soap flakes or liquid soap , stir , sprinkle on crops .
( Two ) Garlic Garlic widely planted in the fields , gardens and courtyards , the various parts of the plant contain the active ingredient allicin sterilization .
Mode of action : to kill bacteria, fungi and nematodes .
Control target: vegetable root-knot nematode , Botrytis , bean rust, angular leaf spot of cucumber , melons and potatoes anthrax storage diseases .
How to use: 1kg peeled and smashed garlic , add water 2kg, soak 0.5 hours and then filtered to the residue Serve. With a 20-fold when diluted with water spray can.
When there is a peeled garlic processing step , peeled , first cut pedicle garlic , soaked in water for 24 hours immersion cylinder , then remove and peel . Garlic bulb contains a lot of water allicin, can use this water clarification to the complex, liquid sprayer sprayed directly control a variety of diseases , and would be the utilization of waste .
2013年11月1日星期五
Pollution safe use of pesticides in tea production technology
Pollution-free tea garden pest control , to use modern concept of sustainable development of agriculture , starting from the tea garden ecosystem , integrated application of various control measures , promotion of sound public control techniques . You must use agricultural control, prevention and treatment programs to be well in advance , the preferred type of biological pesticides and environmental compatibility of pesticides, the rational use of pollution-free tea production procedures recommended by the chemical pesticides, and earnestly control records.
Sound control measures: pollution-free tea harmless pest control measures have public agricultural control , physical control , biological control . Sound public control measures will not cause environmental pollution, will not bring the problem of pesticide residues , therefore, should be given priority .
The use of biological pesticides or pesticide environmental compatibility type : commercialization of biological agents : eg Bacillus thuringiensis BT preparations, Ectropis virus preparations, tea caterpillar virus preparations, whitefly fungi . Botanical pesticides such as Toosendanin , matrine , nicotine , rotenone , pyrethrin and so on. Half the amount of lime mineral type pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture . They are the first choice for future tea pest control agents .
Rational use of chemical pesticides : For the control object , select the appropriate pesticides and formulations. Strict accordance with the provisions of the dose, frequency , method of administration , application suitable period , safety interval , and precautions applying pesticides should be a multi- drug treatment or a reasonable mix of pesticides , prohibited the use of prohibited pesticides.
Prevention and control targets, home garden sprayer spraying suitable period : pollution-free tea production technology point of the main indicators of pest control , control period described. Chemical control , should give serious consideration .
Pesticide varieties : There can be restricted to the use of efficient , low toxicity , low-residue pesticides . Prohibit the use of limited DDT, BHC , parathion ( 1605 ) , methyl parathion ( methyl 1605 ) , methamidophos , acephate , omethoate , sodium pentachlorophenol , chlordimeform , g Budweiser, dicofol , isocarbophos , cyhalothrin , to Fu Ling and mixing agents highly toxic , high residue pesticides.
Application methods : conventional agricultural sprayers, choose low-capacity spray. Punta tea bushes sprayed surface sweep ; tea leaves to take the lower lateral low-volume knapsack sprayer spraying pests . The amount of pesticide safety interval : in strict accordance with GB4285, GB. T8321 into ( Appendix C of pollution-free tea can be used pesticides and their safety standards ) is required to control the amount of pesticide safety interval .
Non- fossil sources of pesticide use production season : such as: lime half the amount of Bordeaux mixture and so on.
Sound control measures: pollution-free tea harmless pest control measures have public agricultural control , physical control , biological control . Sound public control measures will not cause environmental pollution, will not bring the problem of pesticide residues , therefore, should be given priority .
The use of biological pesticides or pesticide environmental compatibility type : commercialization of biological agents : eg Bacillus thuringiensis BT preparations, Ectropis virus preparations, tea caterpillar virus preparations, whitefly fungi . Botanical pesticides such as Toosendanin , matrine , nicotine , rotenone , pyrethrin and so on. Half the amount of lime mineral type pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture . They are the first choice for future tea pest control agents .
Rational use of chemical pesticides : For the control object , select the appropriate pesticides and formulations. Strict accordance with the provisions of the dose, frequency , method of administration , application suitable period , safety interval , and precautions applying pesticides should be a multi- drug treatment or a reasonable mix of pesticides , prohibited the use of prohibited pesticides.
Prevention and control targets, home garden sprayer spraying suitable period : pollution-free tea production technology point of the main indicators of pest control , control period described. Chemical control , should give serious consideration .
Pesticide varieties : There can be restricted to the use of efficient , low toxicity , low-residue pesticides . Prohibit the use of limited DDT, BHC , parathion ( 1605 ) , methyl parathion ( methyl 1605 ) , methamidophos , acephate , omethoate , sodium pentachlorophenol , chlordimeform , g Budweiser, dicofol , isocarbophos , cyhalothrin , to Fu Ling and mixing agents highly toxic , high residue pesticides.
Application methods : conventional agricultural sprayers, choose low-capacity spray. Punta tea bushes sprayed surface sweep ; tea leaves to take the lower lateral low-volume knapsack sprayer spraying pests . The amount of pesticide safety interval : in strict accordance with GB4285, GB. T8321 into ( Appendix C of pollution-free tea can be used pesticides and their safety standards ) is required to control the amount of pesticide safety interval .
Non- fossil sources of pesticide use production season : such as: lime half the amount of Bordeaux mixture and so on.
Compression knapsack sprayer use and maintenance
1, to properly install the back sprayers components. Check all connections for leaks , use, install water spray test , then loaded agents.
2 , official use , the first Canadian Pharmacy , add water , the liquid 's surface can not exceed the safe water line . Spraying before pulling the joystick more than 10 times , so that the barrel pressure up to operating pressure . Not use excessive force when pulling the joystick to avoid the gas chamber explosion.
3 , the initial loading of liquid , due to the gas chamber and spray bar contains water, the spray initial 2-3 minutes of the injected liquid concentration is low, it should pay attention to fill spray , so as not to affect the pest control effect.
4, the work is completed, should be promptly poured barrel residual liquid, and washed with water poured dry , while checking the gas chamber without water, if water, to remove the water connector release water.
5, if the term is not used weed sprayer, the main components should be clean, dry bottles in a cool dry place . If the long-term need , all metal parts have to be spray butter , to prevent rust.
2 , official use , the first Canadian Pharmacy , add water , the liquid 's surface can not exceed the safe water line . Spraying before pulling the joystick more than 10 times , so that the barrel pressure up to operating pressure . Not use excessive force when pulling the joystick to avoid the gas chamber explosion.
3 , the initial loading of liquid , due to the gas chamber and spray bar contains water, the spray initial 2-3 minutes of the injected liquid concentration is low, it should pay attention to fill spray , so as not to affect the pest control effect.
4, the work is completed, should be promptly poured barrel residual liquid, and washed with water poured dry , while checking the gas chamber without water, if water, to remove the water connector release water.
5, if the term is not used weed sprayer, the main components should be clean, dry bottles in a cool dry place . If the long-term need , all metal parts have to be spray butter , to prevent rust.
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